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Notes: Erstmals wurden schwarze, metallisch glänzende Einkristalle von AgF2 durch Erhitzen des mikrokristallinen AgF2 dargestellt (Monel-Autoklaven, T ≈ 400°C, HF/F2-Gemisch, 4 d). Die röntgenographische Untersuchung (a = 556,8(1); = 583,1(1); c = 510,1(1) pm; Z = 4; Parameter siehe Text) bestätigt die aus Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchung ermittelte Raumgruppe Pbca - D2h15 (Nr. 61) und ergibt Lageparameter, die mit den damals ermittelten Werten praktisch übereinstimmen. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, sowie Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, werden über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, berechnet und diskutiert.

Notes: Es werden 31P-, 195Pt-chemische Verschiebungen und 195Pt31P-Kopplungskonstanten einer Reihe von doppelt verbrückten Diplatin(I)-Komplexen mitgeteilt. 31P-koordinationschemische Verschiebungen der ternären Liganden von Komplexen des Typs [Pt2(μ-SPR2)2(P′R3′)2] und verschiedene Kopplungskonstanten werden stark von der π-Akzeptor-Stärke dieser Liganden beeinflußt. J(195P-195Pt) wird innerhalb der Reihe der untersuchten Komplexe mit wechselndem Vorzeichen gefunden. Aus den großen Werten von 2J(Pt-P′) und 3J(P′P′) sowie der ungewöhnlich starken Temperaturabhängigkeit einiger Kopplungskonstanten und anderen NMR-Eigenschaften wird auf Paramagnetismus dieser Komplexe aufgrund thermischer Singlett-Triplett-Anregung geschlossen, der in vorläufigen EPR-Messungen gefunden und durch EHT-Rechnungen gestützt wird. Die chemische Stabilität des doppelt verbrückten Kerns, die koordinationschemischen Verschiebungen der Brückenphosphoratome und EHT-Rechnungen weisen auf Aromatizität der [Pt2(μ-SPR2)2](M-M)-Einheit dieser Komplexe hin.

Notes: Verschiedene ringsubstituierte 1,2-Phenylendiamine (2, 4, 16, 17, 18) als auch ihre Dihydrochloride lassen sich elektrolytisch oder durch Einwirkung von Bleidioxid zu stabilen paramagnetischen Zwischenprodukten oxidieren. Aufgrund ihrer ESR-Spektren wird nachgewiesen, daß es sich um Radikalkationen vom Typ der o-Wursterschen Salze (G) handelt. Als diamagnetische Folgeprodukte der neuen Radikale konnten Azoverbindungen und Phenazine isoliert werden. - Durch Umsetzung der Phenylendiamine mit Diphenylthalliumhydroxid in Gegenwart von Luftsauerstoff entstehen die entsprechenden Radikalanionen (E). Bei diesen paramagnetischen Komplexen, die eine große Tl-Kopplung zeigen, dürfte es sich um Ionenpaare handeln. Die Spindichteverteilung in den Phenylendiamin-Radikalkationen und -anionen ist sehr ähnlich. -N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-1,2-phenylendiamine lassen sich unter unseren Bedingungen nicht oxidieren. Dagegen ergeben N-Phosphoranyliden-1,2-phenylendiamine (25-27) stabile paramagnetische Oxidationsprodukte. Auch bei diesen Verbindungen handelt es sich um Radikalkationen und somit um substituierte o-Wurstersche Salze.

Notes: The transition energy and geometry of the lowest excited (nπ*) singlet and triplet states of CO, CS, HNO, H2CO, HFCO, and F2CO molecules are calculated by CNDO/S and CNDO/2-VN-1 potential methods, and the results are compared with those of experimental and ab initio theoretical studies, wherever available. In the calculation of the vertical transition energy, the performance of the CNDO/S method is seen to be generally more satisfactory than that of the CNDO/2-VN-1 potential method, while the reverse is true for the excited-state geometry. The CNDO/S method as such fails to describe the geometry of the excited state, but a combined version (CNDO/S-2) of CNDO/S and CNDO/2, as well as the CNDO/2-VN-1 potential method is fairly successful in this regard.

Notes: The complexation of N-benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) derivatives of the excitatory amino acids L-aspartic acid (Asp; 1), L-glutamic acid (Glu; 3), and, for the first time, L-kainic acid ((2S,3S,3S)-2-carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)pyrrolidine-3-acetic acid; Kai; 5) was studied in CDCl3 with a diversity of chiral receptors consisting of a 1,1′-binaphthyl spacer with (carboxamido)pyridine (CONH(py)) functionality attached to the 6,6′-positions in the major groove. Receptors of type A possess two N-(pyridin-2-yl)carboxamide H-bonding sites (e.g. 7), whereas type B-receptors have two N-(pyridine-6,2-diyl)acetamide residues attached (e.g. 8 and 9). Complexes of excitatory amino-acid derivatives and other, achiral α,β-dicarboxylic acids with these receptors are primarily stabilized by two sets of C=O···H—N and O—H ··· N H-bonds. Optically active type-A receptors such as (R)- and (S)-7 showed a preference for the larger Glu derivative, whereas type-B receptors such as (R)- and (S)-8 and (R)- and (S)-9 formed more stable complexes with the smaller Cbz-Asp. To improve the poor enantioselectivity shown by 7-9, additional functionality was introduced at the 7,7′-positions of the 1,1′-binaphthyl spacer, and the nature of the H-bonding sites in the 6,6′-positions was varied. Screening the diversity of new racemic receptors for binding affinity, which had been shown in many examples by Cram to correlate with enantioselectivity, demonstrated that (+)-10 and (+)-11 formed the most stable complexes with dicarboxylic acids, and these receptors were synthesized in enantiomerically pure form. Both are type-B binders and contain additional PhCH2O (10) and MeO (11) groups in the 7,7′-positions. By 1H-NMR binding titrations, the complexation of (R)- and (S)- 10 and (R)- and (S)-11 with the excitatory amino-acid derivatives was studied in CDCl3, and association constants Ka between 103 and 2 · 105 l mol-1 were measured for the 1:1 host-guest complexes formed. Whereas both 10 and 11 formed stable complexes, enantioselective binding was limited to the PhCH2O-substituted receptor 10, with the (R)-enantiomer complexing Cbz-Asp by 0.7 kcal mol-1 more tightly than the (S)-enantiomer. The structures of the diastereoisomeric complexes were analyzed in detail by experimental methods (complexation-induced changes in 1H-NMR chemical shifts, 1H{1H} nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) difference spectroscopy) and computer modeling. These studies established that an unusual variety of interesting aromatic interactions and secondary electrostatic interactions are responsible for both the high binding affinity (—ΔG° up to 7.2 kcal mol-1) and the enantioselection observed with (R)- and (S)-10. In an approach to enhance the enantioselectivity by reducing the conformational flexibility of the 1,1′-binaphthyl spacer, an additional crown-ether binding site was attached to the 2,2′-positions in the minor groove of the type-B receptors (R)- and (S)-48. Both the binding affinity and the enantioselectivity (Δ(ΔG°) up to 0.7 kcal mol-1) in the complexation of the excitatory amino-acid derivatives by (R)- and (S)-48 were not altered upon complexation of Hg(CN)2 at the crown-ether binding site, demonstrating lack of cooperativity between the minor- and major-groove recognition sites.

Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and multiple scattering Xα calculations have been applied to a series of iridium halide complexes in order to corroborate the nature of the bondings inherent in this class of compounds. Our results seem to substantiate contentiously that higher oxidation states of iridium favor the formation of covalent bonds. This conclusion is based on the observation that (1) successive bombardment of the iridium species by Ar ions almost definitely leads to a configuration in which iridium is bound to at most one halide ion, and (2) the theoretical charge per ligand ion approaches systematically a value of {1-} in the limit as the formal oxidation state of iridium approaches {1+}. The theoretical results are further arthenticated by the fact that the experimental ionization energy of the Ir(4f) level in the different iridium halide complexes studied is seen to decrease as a result of exposure to Ar ions.