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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 322 (1996), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: currents ; oscillations ; through-flow ; solar radiation ; sediment heat flow ; ice cover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mixing in ice covered lakes is caused by through-flow currents, oscillations of the ice cover and by convective currents induced by heat flow from the sediments or by solar radiation penetrating the ice. Mainly from studies in Swedish lakes, current velocities and mixing coefficients are quantified for the different processes generating water movement. Seiche movement caused by wind induced oscillations of the ice cover is found to be most efficient for the horizontal mixing giving coefficients of the order 100 cm2 s−1. The lateral dispersion in through-flow currents can be determined using standard formulas, but the dispersion coefficient is 1–2 orders of magnitude less than that for oscillation induced mixing. Convective mixing due to heat flow from the sediments lasts through the winter but is a very slow process. Convection caused by penetration of solar radiation is more effective, but this process is usually of importance only during the last month prior to break-up of the ice-cover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 241 (1992), S. 163-172 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: suspended matter ; surficial film ; cohesive sediments ; erosion ; settling sediment traps ; bottom shear stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Resuspension of inorganic sediments in a very shallow Swedish lake is studied using settling sediment traps and measurements of suspended matter. Theoretical aspects of resuspension dynamics is discussed emphasizing special shallow lake aspects. Bottom shear stress distribution is computed for different wind conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 52 (1994), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecules of M2Se and M2I+ (M = Ag, Au) are used as test models to study the quality of the pseudopotential methodology when using the Hartree-Fock and second-order Møller-Plesset methods. We have used two implementations of the Wadt and Hay pseudopotentials: the new large- and small-core pseudopotentials (known as LANL 1DZ and LANL2DZ in GAUSSIAN-92) and the traditional one used for a long time. It is found that the optimum geometry depends on the type of pseudopotential selected. A comparison with the results computed when all the electrons are taken explicitly into account shows that the new LANL1DZ and LANL2DZ give the right answer. Using these potentials, the geometry and potential energy surface of the M2Se and M2I+ systems is explored and its optimum geometry found. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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