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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148 (2000), S. 230-234 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Faziale Spaltbildungen ; Kongenitale Herzfehler ; Echokardiographie ; Endokarditisprophylaxe ; Key words ; Facial clefts ; Congenital heart defects ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: Children with facial clefts have an increased risk for further congenital malformations. The heart and most other organ systems may be also affected. The reported incidence of cardiac defects varies considerably. Methods and patients: In a prospective study during 6 years, 110 children, age 1 week to 4 years, were examined clinically and by colour-Doppler echocardiography. Results: The incidence of associated congenital heart defects (24,5%) was greater than in most previous reports. The incidence correlated also with the severity of the facial cleft. Syndromatic and premature children were prevalent (10% respectively 16%) and had more often cardiac defects (73% respectively 56%) than others. Most cardiac defects were ”simple”, and a half of them require prophylaxis for endocarditis. In 5 asymptomatic children cardiac defects requiring endocarditis prophylaxis were first detected by echocardiography. Conclusion: Repair of facial clefts begins usually in the first few months of life. If a cardiac defect is present, these infants have an increased perioperative risk for endocarditis. In order to detect such defects before operation, all these children should be examined by echocardiography, also when the clinical examination was uneventful.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Kinder mit fazialer Spaltbildung haben ein erhöhtes Risiko einer weiteren Fehlbildung. Das Herz und die meisten anderen Organsysteme können betroffen sein. Die Literaturangaben über die Inzidenz von Herzfehlern schwanken erheblich. Methode und Patienten: In einer prospektiven Studie über 6 Jahre wurden 110 Kinder mit Gesichtsspalten im Alter von 1 Woche bis 4 Jahren klinisch und farbdopplerechokardiographisch untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Inzidenz assoziierter Vitien betrug 24,5% und lag damit höher als in den meisten Literaturangaben; sie korrelierte auch mit der Schwere der Spaltbildung. Kinder mit Syndromen sowie Früh- und Mangelgeborene waren häufig (10% bzw. 16%) und hatten viel häufiger Herzfehler (73% bzw. 56%) als die übrigen Kinder. Es fanden sich überwiegend einfache Vitien, von denen die Hälfte eine Endokarditisprophylaxe benötigten. Bei 5 asymptomatischen Kindern wurden erstmals durch die Echokardiographie Herzfehler festgestellt, für die eine Endokarditisprophylaxe unabdingbar war. Schlußfolgerungen: Die operative Korrektur der Gesichtsspalten wird in den ersten Lebensmonaten begonnen. Wenn ein Vitium vorliegt, haben die Kinder ein erhöhtes perioperatives Endokarditisrisiko. Um ein Vitium vor der Operation zu erkennen, sollten diese Kinder in den ersten Lebenswochen, auch bei unauffälligem klinischem Befund, echokardiographisch untersucht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1205-1216 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is presented for the-solution of linear systems of differential equations with initial-value or two-point boundary conditions. For y′(x) = A(x)y(x) + f(x) the domain of interest [a,b] is divided into an appropriate number L of subintervals. The coefficient matrix A(x) is replaced by its value Ak at a point xk within the Kth subinterval, thus replacing the original system by the L discretized systems yk(x) = Akyk(x) + fk(x), k = 1,2,…, L. The fundamental matrix solution Φk(x, xk) over each subinterval is found by computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of each Ak. By matching the solutions yk(x) at the L - 1 equispaced grid points defining the limits of the subintervals and the boundary conditions, the two-point problem is reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations for the matching constants characterizing the different yk(x). The values of y1(a) and yL(b) are used to calculate the missing boundary conditions. For initial-value problems this method is equivalent to a one-step method for generating approximate solutions. By means of a coordinate transformation, as in the multiple shooting method,1 the method becomes particularly suitable for stiff systems of linear ordinary differential equations. Five examples are discussed to illustrate the viability of the method.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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