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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Congestive heart ailure  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 109-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Congestive heart ailure ; Molsidomine ; haemodynamics ; sustained released formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the extent and duration of the haemodynamic effects of two regimens of molsidomine, i.e. two tablets of a standard regimen consisting of 4 mg given 6 h apart and one tablet of 16 mg in sustained-release form once daily in 13 patients with chronic congestive heart failure using a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind and crossover protocol over a period of 12 h. Both regimens significantly affected systolic, mean and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (reductions of up to 15%), right atrial pressure (reductions of up to 35%) and total pulmonary resistance (reductions of up to 18%). The lower dose achieved its maximum action after about 1 h and remained effective for 2 h, whereas the higher dose in sustained-release form showed maximal efficacy at 2 h and remained active even at 12 h. In contrast, only minor changes in arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output were observed on both regimens, almost exclusively at 2 h. Heart rate was not affected by either of the regimens tested. Neither regimen led to any untoward adverse effects. Thus, molsidomine is a potent vasodilating agent which, apart from its effects on preload, also acts on pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures, leaving systemic circulation largely unaffected on the regimens tested. Administered on its own, it is therefore suitable for treatment of congestive heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 38 (1987), S. 315-320 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The occurrence of dimerization is studied theoretically in conjugated polymers consisting of several parallel coupled carbon chains. The critical value of the electron-lattice coupling parameter, above which dimerization occurs, is calculated for the cases of two (polyacene) to four coupled chains and for graphite. With increasing number of coupled chains the stability of the non-dimerized state and the tendency to metallic conduction increases.
    Notes: Das Auftreten von Dimerisierung in konjugierten Polymeren, die aus mehreren parallel gekoppelten Kohlenstoffketten bestehen, wird theoretisch untersucht. Der kritische Wert des Elektron-Gitter-Kopplungsparameters, oberhalb dessen Dimerisierung auftritt, wird für die Fälle von zwei (Polyacen) bis vier gekoppelten Ketten sowie für Graphit berechnet. Mit zunehmender Kettenzahl wächst die Stabilität des undimerisierten Zustandes und damit die Tendenz zu metallischer Leitfähigkeit.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 44 (1961), S. 347-357 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: According to the method employed by K. ZIEGLER for the preparation of block polymers from ethylene and propylene utilizing metal-organic mixted catalysts, it can be expected that the lifetime of the active ends of the chains is relatively long. Some properties of such polymers are investigated regarding the dependence upon the ratio of the mers, i.e. the length of the blocks, the number of periods and the degree of cristallinity.
    Notes: Bei der Darstellung von Blockpolymerisaten aus Äthylen und Propylen mit metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren nach K. ZIEGLER kann mit einer relativ langen Lebensdauer der aktiven Kettenenden gerechnet werden.Es wird die Abhängigkeit einiger Eigenschaften solcher Polymerisate vom Mengenverhältnis der Grundbausteine, von der Blocklänge und Periodenzahl und vom Kristallinitätsgrad untersucht.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Propylene was polymerized at 50°C. by means of three ZIEGLER catalysts containing titanium trichloride + aluminiumorganic compounds. In two of these catalysts, the titanium trichloride components had been prepared by reduction of titanium tetrachloride with aluminium-organic compounds. They were combined with aluminumdiethylmonochloride (H-catalyst, developed by FARBWERKE HOECHST AG). The third catalyst consisted of a titanium trichloride component prepared by reduction of titanium tetrachloride with hydrogen. It was combined with triethylaluminum (N-catalyst, a catalyst system preferred by G. NATTA in many investigations). The polypropylene was labelled with tritium by stopping the polymerization reaction with butanol tritiated on the OH-group. From the rates, from the radioactivity, and viscosimetric molecular weights of the polymers a t different polymerization times, the following may be deduced: 1The macromolecules grow during almost the entire polymerization period with N- and H-catalysts.2There is if any only a limited chain transfer reaction.3The rate of the propagation reaction is nearly the same with both H-catalyst and N-catalyst, and smaller than that of other polymerization reactions.4The total number of ‚active centres‘ is greater in the case of H-catalysts than in the case of N-catalysts.5The ‚active centres‘ of the catalysts are in part released during an initial phase in 1 to 1½ hrs. H-catalysts have, after a short reaction time, more active points available than N-catalysts.
    Notes: Propylen wurde bei 50°C an drei titantrichloridhaltigen metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren nach ZIEGLER polymerisiert. Bei zwei von diesen Katalysatoren war die Titantrichlorid-Komponente durch Reduktion von Titantetrachlorid mit aluminiumorganischen Verbindungen hergestellt worden. Sie wurden mit einem stöchiometrischen Überschuß von Diäthylaluminiumchlorid aktiviert und zur Polymerisation eingeretzt (H-Kontakte, Entwicklung der FARBWERKE HOECHST AG). Der dritte Katalysator bestand aus einer durch Reduktion von Titantetrachlorid mit Wasserstoff hergestellten Titantrichlorid-Komponente, die mit einem stöchiometrischen Überschuß von Triäthylaluminium aktiviert wurde (N-Kontakt, ein von G. NATTA in zahlreichen Arbeiten bevorzugter Mischkatalysator). Das gebildete Polypropylen wurde durch Abbruch der Polymerisation mit an der OH-Gruppe tritiiertem Butanol radioaktiv markiert. Aus der Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit und der Abhängigkeit der Radioaktivität sowie des (viskosimetrisch bestimmten) Molgewichts der Polymerisate von der Polymerisationsdauer ergab sich: 1Die Makromoleküle wachsen praktisch während der ganzen Dauer der Polymerisation.2Eine Übertragungsreaktion tritt höchstens in geringem Maße auf.3Die Geschwindigkeit der Wachstumsreaktion ist an N-Kontakten etwa ebenso groß wie an H-Kontakten und kleiner als die anderer Polymerisationsreaktionen.4Die Gesamtzahl „aktiver Zentren“ ist bei H-Kontakten größer als bei N-Kontakten.5Die „aktiven Zentren“ der Kontakte werden teilweise erst während einer 1 bis 1 ½ Std. dauernden Anlaufzeit freigelegt. H-Kontakte haben nach kurzer Reaktionszeit mehr aktive Stellen zur Verfügung als N-Kontakte.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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