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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Chenodeoxycholic acid ; Chimpanzee ; Conjugation ; Lithocholic acid ; Sulfation ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um im Schimpansen die hepatische Biotransformation der primären Gallensäure Chenodeoxycholsäure und deren wichtigstem bakteriellen Metaboliten, Lithocholsäure zu charakterisieren, wurde ein Gemisch aus Spurenmengen von14C-Lithocholsäure und3H-Chenodeoxycholsäure intravenös in zwei Tiere mit Gallenfistel injiziert. Die chemische Form der Radioaktivität, die in der Galle erschien, wurde dünnschichtchromatographisch ermittelt. Etwa 80% der Chenodeoxycholsäure und 70% der Lithocholsäure wurden innerhalb von 90 min ausgeschieden. Die Chenodeoxycholsäure war vollständig konjugiert und erschien vorwiegend als Chenyltaurin (52%) und Chenylglycin (37%). 11% erschienen in einer Form, die bisher nicht identifiziert wurde. Lithocholsäure wurde vollständig als Taurin- und Glycinkonjugat in die Galle eliminiert; der größte Teil (63%) war zusätzlich sulfatiert. Die Sulfatierung nahm stetig mit der Zeit zu und Lithocholylglycine wurde stärker sulfatiert als Lithocholyltaurin. Wir schließen aus diesen Befunden, daß der Schimpanse mit dem Menschen vergleichbar ist, indem er Lithocholsäure effektiv sulfatiert. Dadurch unterscheidet sich der Schimpanse vom Rhesusaffe und Baboon, die die Lithocholsäure nur in geringem Maße sulfatieren. Jedoch unterscheidet sich der Schimpanse auch vom Menschen und ähnelt dem Rhesusaffen und dem Baboon, indem er Gallensäure vorwiegend mit Taurin konjugiert. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß die Hepatotoxizität, die im Rhesusaffe und Baboon durch Chenodeoxycholat hervorgerufen wird, und auf eine geringe Sulfatierung der Lithocholsäure zurückgeführt wird, beim Schimpansen nicht bestehen sollte.
    Notes: Abstract To characterize the hepatic biotransformation in the chimpanzee of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (chenic) and its major bacterial metabolite lithocholic acid (lithocholic) a mixture of tracer amounts of14C-lithocholic and3H-chenic was injected intravenously into two animals with a bile fistula; the chemical form of radioactivity appearing in bile was inferred using thin layer chromatography. About 80% of chenic, and 70% of lithocholic was recovered in 90 min. Chenic was completely conjugated in bile, appearing predominantly as chenyltaurine (52%) and chenylglycine (37%). An unidentified conjugate (about 11%) was also found. Lithocholic was excreted completely as taurine and glycine conjugates, but the majority (63%) of conjugates was sulfated. Sulfation increased progressively with time, and lithocholylglycine was sulfated more than lithocholyltaurine. We conclude that the chimpanzee is similar to man in that the secondary bile acid lithocholic is efficiently sulfated. The chimpanzee thus differs from the baboon and rhesus monkey which sulfate lithocholic poorly. However, the chimpanzee differs from man and is similar to the baboon and rhesus monkey in showing preferential conjugation of bile acids with taurine. The results imply that hepatotoxicity caused by chenic, which is well documented in the rhesus monkey and baboon and has been related to defective lithocholic sulfation, should not occur in the chimpanzee.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 261 (1968), S. 152-161 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Kidney Microsomes ; Phenobarbital ; Stimulation ; Cytochromes ; Drug Metabolism ; Nierenmikrosomen ; Phenobarbital ; Stimulierung ; Cytochrome ; Arzneimittel-Stoffwechsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pretreatment of rats and rabbits with Phenobarbital (80 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg respectively) caused a 30% increase in the liver weight relative to body weight. There was a smaller increase in the kidney weight (7% in rats and 10% in rabbits) which was not statistically significant. The yields of microsomes per gram of liver was also increased by about 90% and 60% in rats and rabbits respectively, but only a slight increase was observed for kidneys (12% and 18% respectively). Pretreatment with Phenobarbital, 3,4-Benzpyrene or Chlorophenothane neither significantly increased the cytochromes of rat kidney microsomes, nor the oxidative drug metabolism. However, in the kidneys of rabbits the cytochrome-b5-and P450-concentrations and drug metbolism were 2–3 fold higher after Phenobarbital. The correlation between P450 content and drug oxidase activity in the kidney microsomes of untreated and Phenobarbital treated rabbits was low. Suspensions of rabbit kidney microsomes revealed the same spectral changes after addition of Hexobarbital or Aniline as those reported for liver microsomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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