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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 95 (1985), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Pentazocine ; Glucuronide, cleavage ; Toxicology, pentazocine ; Pentazocin ; Glucuronid, Spaltung ; Toxikologie, Pentazocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Behandlung von Pentazocin (I) und Pentazocinglucuronid (II) mit Salzsäure wird bekanntlich durch Anlagerung von Wasser an die Doppelbindung ein Artefakt (III) gebildet. Dies führt zu sehr unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der Hydrolyserate von II und der Wiederfindung von I. Mit 20% HCl wurde die Glucuronidbindung quantitativ gespalten, aber die Ausbeute an I lag bei nur 15% (ca. 64% der berechneten Menge wurden als III wiedergefunden); mit 5% HCl betrug die Hydrolyserate nur 40–43%, die Pentazocinausbeute jedoch 31% (nur 9% wurden als III wiedergefunden). Die höchste Ausbeute an III wurde mit HCl-Konzentrationen von 17,5% (30 min im siedenden Wasserbad) erzielt.
    Notes: Summary It has been reported before that pentazocine (I) and pentazocine-glucuronide (II) form an artifact (III) by the addition of water to the double bond in the presence of HCl. This reaction leads to different results concerning the investigation of the rate of hydrolysis of II and the recovery of I. The glucuronide was quantitatively hydrolized by 20% HCl, but yielded only 15% of I (about 64% was detected as III). With 5% HCl the rate of hydrolysis only amounted to 40%–43%, whereas I yielded 31% (only 9% was recovered as III). The best III yield was obtained with a HCl concentration of 17.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 70 (1994), S. 319-330 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Sun ; Solar Wind ; Coronal Holes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The solar wind emanating from coronal holes (CH) constitutes a quasi-stationary flow whose properties change only slowly with the evolution of the hole itself. Some of the properties of the wind from coronal holes depend on whether the source is a large polar coronal hole or a small near-equatorial hole. The speed of polar CH flows is usually between 700 and 800 km/s, whereas the speed from the small equatorial CH flows is generally lower and can be 〈400 km/s. At 1 AU, the average particle and energy fluxes from polar CH are 2.5×108 cm−2 sec−1 and 2.0 erg cm−2 s−1. This particle flux is significantly less than the 4×108 cm−2 sec−1 observed in the slow, interstream wind, but the energy fluxes are approximately the same. Both the particle and energy fluxes from small equatorial holes are somewhat smaller than the fluxes from the large polar coronal holes. Many of the properties of the wind from coronal holes can be explained, at least qualitatively, as being the result of the effect of the large flux of outward-propagating Alfvén waves observed in CH flows. The different ion species have roughly equal thermal speeds which are also close to the Alfvén speed. The velocity of heavy ions exceeds the proton velocity by the Alfvén speed, as if the heavy ions were surfing on the waves carried by the proton fluid. The elemental composition of the CH wind is less fractionated, having a smaller enhancement of elements with low first-ionization potentials than the interstream wind, the wind from coronal mass ejections, or solar energetic particles. There is also evidence of fine-structure in the ratio of the gas and magnetic pressures which maps back to a scale size of roughly 1° at the Sun, similar to some of the fine structures in coronal holes such as plumes, macrospicules, and the supergranulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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