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  • Cos mapping  (1)
  • Radioimmunotherapy  (1)
  • Soil hydraulic properties  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 33 (1991), S. 158-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Tumor spheroid ; Tumor necrosis treatment ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Human colon adenocarcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody TNT-1, directed against the nuclear histones of degenerating cells, was used to treat human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 spheroids in vitro. The therapeutic effects of131I-TNT-1 were investigated as a function of the radioactive dose, treatment time, and number of treatments. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by TNT-1 antibody uptake, spheroid growth delay, and morphological examination using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From these studies, it was determined that the therapeutic effect increased with the number of doses and the duration of treatment. Spheroids treated for 24 h showed approximately two to four times more cell death than those with a 2-h treatment. As previously shown in animal models, additonal treatment with radiolabeled TNT-1 produced an expanding number of TNT-1 targets, and subsequent treatments were more effective as shown by antibody uptake studies. Microscopic examinations demonstrated that morphological changes consistent with spheroid destruction correlated well with antibody uptake data and increased gradually with dose, treatment time, and frequency of treatments. At the ultrastructural level, destruction of cells in the treated spheroids included the formation of porous cell membranes, crater-like holes (SEM), blebbing, and dissolution of cytoplasmic organelles (TEM). With continued culture, the injured spheroids were found to disaggregate after intensive131I-TNT-1 therapy (e.g. 50 µCi/ml or 100 µCi/ml with two or three 24-h treatments). These findings suggest that tumor spheroids can be used as an in vitro model to evaluate monoclonal antibody therapy using TNT-1 and other candidate mAbs directed against intracellular antigens exposed in degenerating cells of tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water resources management 4 (1990), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Soil hydraulic properties ; unsaturation ; parameter estimation ; cumulative drainages ; head profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes a model for determining the parameters given by the closed-form equations of van Genuchten. An objective function is made by the observed data from vertical drainage, and the solutions of optimization show that less computation and more accurate estimates are made as head profiles are taken into account rather than cumulative drainage. Sensitivity analysis of the error vector to parameters interprets this reason. The convergence and stability of solutions are evaluated with different magnitudes of measured errors in the head, and the results show good estimates will be obtained if a sufficient pressure head at the soil bottom is applied. A variable θ k is introduced to avoid the estimations of α and n being affected by the uncertainties of Ks and θ s .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 231 (1992), S. 304-312 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Maize ; Zein ; Gene cluster ; Repetitive sequence ; Cos mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genes encoding the α-zein proteins of maize constitute a large multigene family of some 75 genes. This multigene family can be divided into four subfamilies based on the nucleotide sequences of their genes and the deduced amino acid sequences of their proteins. We describe for the first time evidence of a clustering of five α-zein subfamily 4 (SF4) genes that are members of one of the major α-zein subfamilies in a 56 kb region of the genome of the maize inbred line W22. None of the other three known α-zein gene subfamilies (SF1, SF2, or SF3) are present in this cluster. The genomic region was reconstructed using restriction endonuclease maps to identify and align three overlapping cosmid clones isolated from a genomic library. The α-zein genes are not evenly spaced; the minimum distance between genes is 3.5 kb; the maximum is 13 kb. All the α-zein genes in the cluster have the same transcriptional orientation. The location and sequences of some of the repetitive DNA elements in this gene cluster were determined. We estimate that there are a minimum of eight repetitive DNA elements in this region. The sequences of the repetitive elements (not functionally defined) are located between or among the α-zein genes. The regions containing two of these repetitive elements (Rep1 and Rep4) have been sequenced; they are about 15 kb apart in the genome. These repetitive elements have similar sequences for about 300 by out of the 400 by compared. The regions of sequence similarity, however, are in reverse orientation to one another. Both repetitive elements contain replication origin-like sequences. In addition, Rep4 contains two repeats of a five-base sequence that appear to define its presumptive ends. The presence of the short direct repeats flanking the Rep4 element suggests that the Rep4 element might have originated from a transposition event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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