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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 615-619 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Circadian rhythms ; Visual pigment ; Antarctica ; Crustacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Relative retinal amounts in the compound eye of the Antarctic amphipod Orchomene plebs were assessed during conditions of continuous summer daylight every 3 h over a period of 48 h. The habitat of the experimental animal is the bottom of the Ross Sea (78°S; 166°E) down to depths of at least 400 m; water temperature is a constant — 1.8° C. A periodicity of 12 h was detected with relative amounts of 11-cis retinal exhibiting peaks at midday and at midnight and troughs at 7.00 h and 19.00 h. 2. The result that 90% of retinoid were insoluble in n-hexane suggests that at least 90% of the measured retinoid were attached to membrane-bound proteins such as opsin. 3. Selective light adaptation showed that the visual pigments were thermostable and photoregenerable. The main absorbance peak of rhodopsin, compared with metarhodopsin, seems to be in the longer wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 439-457 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Crustacea ; Photoreceptor fine structure ; Dark/light-adaptation ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Strukturelle Unterschiede bestehen zwischen dem larvalen und adulten Auge der Languste Panulirus longipes. Im Larvenstadium ist das Auge vom Appositionstypus, aber sobald die freischwimmende Larve ihr planktonisches Leben aufgibt, verändert sich das Auge zu einem „Superpositionsapparat”, dessen Charakteristikum die zwischen dioptrischen und rezipierenden Teil geschobene pigmentfreie Zone ist. Im Larvenauge ist das gesamte spindelförmige Rhabdom gebändert; im Auge des adulten Tieres hingegen bleibt nur ein kleiner distaler Teil gebändert. Beide Augentypen besitzen eine unscheinbare, distal gelagerte achte Sehzelle. Diese zeigt rechtwinklig angeordnete Mikrovilli,die eine bislang unbekannte linsenförmige, kristallähnliche Struktur umgeben. Im Tag/Nacht-Rhythmus ablaufende Pigmentverschiebungen haben Veränderungen der Empfindlichkeit und des Auflösungsvermögens der Augen zur Folge. Axone der Retinulazellen eines Ommatidiums verlassen das Auge nicht als gemeinsames Bündel, sondern vereinigen sich nach einem regelmäßigen Muster mit denen von vier Nachbarommatidien.
    Notes: Summary A number of differences exists between the compound eyes of larval and adult rock lobsters, Panulirus longipes. The larval eye more closely resembles the apposition type of compound eye, in which retinula cells and rhabdom lie immediately below the cone cells. The adult eye, on the other hand, is a typical clear-zone photoreceptor in which cones and retinula cell layers are separated by a wide transparent region. The rhabdom of the larval eye, if cut longitudinally, exhibits a “banded” structure over its entire length; in the adult the banded part is confined to the distal end, and the rhabdom is tiered. Both eyes have in common an eighth, distally-located retinula cell, which possesses orthogonally-oriented microvilli, and a peculiar lens-shaped “crystal”, which appears to focus light onto the narrow column of the distal rhabdom. Migration of screening pigment on dark-light adaptation is accompanied by changes in sensitivity and resolution of the eye. Retinula cells belonging to one ommatidium do not arrange into one single bundle of axons, but interweave with axons of four neighbouring facets in an extraordinarily regular fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Photoreceptor ; Visual membrane ; Photic radiation damage ; Retina ; Crustacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Visual membranes of the crayfish eye either belong to the small, distally placed rhabdomere of retinula cell R8 or are part of the much more voluminous proximal rhabdom, made up of rhabdomeres belonging to cells R1–R7. Under various conditions of environmental stress (e.g., prolonged darkness, elevated temperature, bright light with and without a concomitant rise in temperature, flickering lights) the visual membranes of R8 prove far more resistant to structural damage than those of R1–R7. Membrane damage is known to occur when dormant lipoxygenases become activated, for example through heat. Since R8 is the only type of visual cell in the crayfish retina that does not contain grains of screening pigment, the view that screening-pigment granules could “aggravate” or even “trigger” membrane damage in times of stress is strengthened. Functionally, R8's strong resistance to physical damage when exposed to flickering lights points to a role of the distal rhabdom in the movement detection system of the crayfish eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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