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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropathy and myopathy in the diaphragm of rats after 12 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Phrenic nerve ; Diaphragm muscle ; Rat ; Streptozotocin diabetes ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One year after beginning of the experiment six streptozotocin-injected Wistar rats and six controls were anesthetized and fixed by whole-body perfusion. The diaphragms were isolated and processed for light and electron microscopy. Both the intramuscular branches of the phrenic nerve and the muscle fibers were studied morphologically and morphometrically. Moreover, two diabetic and two control rats were killed by decapitation, the diaphragms were deep-frozen and studied histochemically for myofibrillar ATP-ase. A significant reduction of fiber cross section surface, due to reduction of both myelin and axon surfaces, was found in the phrenic nerves of diabetics. Lesions of Schwann and mesenchymal endoneural cells were the main ultrastructural changes. The diaphragm was much thinner in diabetics than in controls. In diabetics the number of lipid droplets found in red muscle fibers was increased and the white muscle fibers were hypotrophic. These findings were confirmed by the morphometric study. Ultrastructurally, various types of lipid droplets, streaming of Z line, organelle degeneration, invagination of nuclear membrane, and increase in number of satellite cells were found in red fibers of diabetic animals. Disorientation of the triads was the most frequent lesion in white fibers of diabetics. These results demonstrate that both neuropathy and myopathy are present in functionally related nerve and muscle from rats after 12 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Both the dysmetabolic condition and the nervous lesions may have contributed to the muscular changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and morphometric study of peripheral nerves from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Rat ; Streptozotocin diabetes ; Morphometry ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One year after beginning of the experiment seven streptozotocin-injected Wistar rats and seven controls were fixed by whole-body perfusion, the nervus radialis was dissected and processed for light and electron microscopy. After light-microscopic study standard photographs of nerve cross sections were measured by means of a semiautomatic image analyzer. The following measurements were obtained: (1) surface of fibers, axons, and myelin sheaths; (2) ratio of myelin to axon surface; and (3) percent of endoneural space. Group means and standard errors were calculated, and cumulated class distributions were made. Ultrathin sections from all animals considered morphometrically were studied qualitatively for ultrastructural changes. The quantitative study revealed in the diabetics reduction of average myelin surface, increase of endoneural space, and reduction of myelin/axon ratio. The main ultrastructural findings were lesions of Schwann and mesenchymal cells, followed by less frequent and less severe changes in axons and endothelium. These results suggest a primary Schwann cell lesion was responsible for the observed myelin reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689989
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in peripheral nerves of rats four months after induction of streptozotocin diabetes (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Rat ; Streptozotocin diabetes ; Morphometry ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight streptozotocin-injected Wistar rats and eight controls were fixed by whole-body perfusion 4 months after beginning of the experiment, the nervus radialis was dissected and processed for light and electron microscopy. After light-microscopic study standard photographs of nerve cross sections were measured by means of a semiautomatic image analyzer. The following measurements were obtained: (1) surface of fibres, axons, and myelin sheaths, (2) ratio of myelin to axon surface, and (3) percent of endoneural space. Group means and standard deviations were calculated, and cumulated size class distributions were made. Representative nerve specimens from all animals were also studied by electron microscopy. The quantitative study revealed in the diabetics a severe reduction of the average myelin surface, a mild increase of axonal cross section and of endoneural space, a reduction of myelin/axon ratio and a mild reduction in cross section of the nerve. Ultrastructural lesions of minor degree were found in the cytoplasm of Schwann and mesenchymal cells, no lesion was observed in axons. These findings demonstrate the presence of neuropathy 4 months after induction of diabetes and support the pathogenetic role of the Schwann cell in our experimental model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689405
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypothalamic lesions in rats with long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypothalmus ; Rat ; Streptozotocin ; Diabetes ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen male Wistar rats, 1 year after injection of streptozotocin or vehicle, were fixed by whole-body perfusion, the brains were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. Study of semithin sections from the hypothalamic area revealed changes in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. The lesions, in comparison with controls, were subjected to a blind semiquantitative evaluation. The following changes were observed by light microscopy in diabetic rats: accumulation of glycogen (P〈0.01), degeneration of neurons (P〈0.05), hypotrophy of tanycytes (P〈0.01), and axonal changes. Electron microscopy of diabetic rats revealed that glycogen was increased in neuronal bodies and processes (axons, synapses), also in tanycytes, and glia cells. In neurons were seen: dilated and fragmented endoplasmic reticulum, degranulated ergastoplasm, loss of organelles, increased number of microtubuli, myelin figures, irregulatities in the form of nuclei, and appearance of chromatin. The tanycytes in diabetic animals were reduced in volume, had an increased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, a reduced number of organelles, short basal processes, and almost complete loss of the apical processes. These changes demonstrate the existance, under experimental conditions, of an encephalopathy pathogenetically related to streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encephalitis following vaccination against distemper and infectious hepatitis in the dog (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 43 (1978), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper ; Encephalomyelitis ; Malacia ; Pseudomyxovirus ; Crystalloid aggregates ; Tubuloreticular aggregates ; Picormavirus ; Arenavirus ; Vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 4-months-old, male, healthy dog developed CNS-symptoms 10 days after the second vaccination with live, attenuated distemper and canine hepatitis virus. The animal was euthanized after 2 weeks of illness. Light and electron microscopic examination of the CNS showed a partly necrotizing encephalomyelitis with numerous intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and the presence of probable pseudomyxovirus nucleocapsids and of crystalloid and tubuloreticular aggregates. Although there was conformity of inclusion bodies and probable viral structures as revealed by electron microscopy, the latter showed a much wider distribution. In addition, viral structures of a different type were found in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Several morphological criteria led to the supposition that they are Picornaviruses, or possibly Arenaviruses. It is thought that their role in the disease process was at best an indirect one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685000
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphofunctional study of the effects of fetal exposure to cyproterone acetate on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis of adult rats (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 83 (1991), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cyproterone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Morphology ; Function ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal exposure to cyproterone acetate (CPA), while allowing, normal sexual morphogenesis, has previously been shown to lead to functional endocrine abnormalities in adult rats of both sexes. Because of this, we examined morphologically and morphometrically the hypothalamic nuclei involved in sexual dimorphism as well as the pituitary lactotropes of rats exposed in utero from day 15 to 20 of gestation to CPA. Male and female offspring was studied at the age of 70–80 days. In both sexes the brain weight was lower (p〈0.05) in CPA-treated than in control rats. Morphometrical investigations showed that the surface density (Sv) and the volume density (Vv) of the ventromedial nucleus were higher (p〈0.05) in CPA-treated male than in control rats. By comparing sexes the Sv and Vv of the ventromedial nucleus were higher (p〈0.01) in CPA-treated male than in corresponding female rats. Also the nuclear surface of the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons of the arcuate nucleus was higher (p〈0.05) in CPA-treated male than in female rats. In lactotropes of the pituitary gland the immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) was densitometrically increased (p〈 0.05) in CPA-treated female compared with control rats. By electron microscopy, PRL granules and autophagocytosis appeared to be more abundant in CPA-treated rats of both sexes. These data show that fetal exposure to CPA results in long-term anatomical and physiological alterations of hypothalamic and preoptic nuclei as well as of the pituitary lactotropes. These permanent changes support the functional endocrine abnormalities observed in adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231158
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preoptic-suprachiasmatic nuclei though morphologically heterogeneous are equally affected by streptozotocin diabetes (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 74-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Preoptic area ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Morphometry ; Rat ; Streptozotocin diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary and gonadal disorders consistent with abnormal LHRH and LH secretion occur in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. A key role in the synthesis and regulation of LHRH and in the phasic LH release is played by the preoptic-suprachiasmatic region which is mainly formed by the medial preoptic area, the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the medial preoptic area, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Therefore we have studied this region by morphology and morphometry in normal and streptozotocindiabetic rats. In normal animals, the neurons of the above mentioned nuclei were morphologically and morphometrically dissimilar. Independent of their localization, reduced cytoplasmic and nuclear areas were observed in the neurons of diabetic animals. These lesions are consistent with hypotrophied neurons. Consequently, diabetes may impair both synthesis and regulation of LHRH and may therefore account for pituitary disorders, testicular atrophy, and lacking preovulatory LH peaks. The structural differences of the neurons of the three nuclei in normal animals underline their different physiological role. Yet, the similarity of the changes found in all three nuclei suggests a generalized hypofunction of the whole preoptic-suprachiasmatic region under diabetic condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236203
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