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  • soil organic matter  (3)
  • Cyanobacteria  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of available P and N:P ratios on non-symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in tallgrass prairie soils (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Fire ; Acetylene reduction ; Ash
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Prescribed burning is a major control over element cycles in Tallgrass prairie (Eastern Kansas, USA). In this paper we report potential effects of fire on nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Fire resulted in additions of available P in ash, which may stimulate nitrogen fixation by terrestrial cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial nitrogenase activity and biomass responded positively to additions of ash or P in laboratory assays using soil. Further assays in soil showed that cyanobacteria responded to changes in available N:available P ratio (aN:P) across a range of concentrations. Nitrogen fixation rate could be related empirically to aN:P via a log-linear relationship. Extrapolation of laboratory results to the field yielded a maximal estimate of 21 kg N ha-1 y-1. Results support arguments from the marine and terrestrial literature that P availability is central to regulation of ecosystem N budgets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378663
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of C, N, P and S in grassland soils: a model (1988)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 5 (1988), S. 109-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: soil organic matter ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; sulfur ; simulation ; grasslands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a model to simulate the dynamics of C, N, P, and S in cultivated and uncultivated grassland soils. The model uses a monthly time step and can simulate the dynamics of soil organic matter over long time periods (100 to 10,000 years). It was used to simulate the impact of cultivation (100 years) on soil organic matter dynamics, nutrient mineralization, and plant production and to simulate soil formation during a 10,000 year run. The model was validated by comparing the simulated impact of cultivation on soil organic matter C, N, P, and S dynamics with observed data from sites in the northern Great Plains. The model correctly predicted that N and P are the primary limiting nutrients for plant production and simulated the response of the system to inorganic N, P, and S fertilizer. Simulation results indicate that controlling the C:P and C:S ratios of soil organic matter fractions as functions of the labile P and S levels respectively, allows the model to correctly simulate the observed changes in C:P and C:S ratios in the soil and to simulate the impact of varying the labile P and S levels on soil P and S net mineralization rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180320
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long- and short-term effects of fire on nitrogen cycling in tallgrass prairie (1994)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 24 (1994), S. 67-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: carbon ; fire ; immobilization ; mineralization ; nitrogen use efficiency ; soil organic matter ; tallgrass prairie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Fires in the tallgrass prairie are frequent and significantly alter nutrient cycling processes. We evaluated the short-term changes in plant production and microbial activity due to fire and the long-term consequences of annual burning on soil organic matter (SOM), plant production, and nutrient cycling using a combination of field, laboratory, and modeling studies. In the short-term, fire in the tallgrass prairie enhances microbial activity, increases both above-and belowground plant production, and increases nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, repeated annual burning results in greater inputs of lower quality plant residues causing a significant reduction in soil organic N, lower microbial biomass, lower N availability, and higher C:N ratios in SOM. Changes in amount and quality of below-ground inputs increased N immobilization and resulted in no net increases in N availability with burning. This response occurred rapidly (e.g., within two years) and persisted during 50 years of annual burning. Plant production at a long-term burned site was not adversely affected due to shifts in plant NUE and carbon allocation. Modeling results indicate that the tallgrass ecosystem responds to the combined changes in plant resource allocation and NUE. No single factor dominates the impact of fire on tallgrass plant production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000002
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long- and short-term effects of fire on nitrogen cycling in tallgrass prairie (1994)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 24 (1994), S. 67-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: carbon ; fire ; immobilization ; mineralization ; nitrogen use efficiency ; soil organic matter ; tallgrass prairie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Fires in the tallgrass prairie are frequent and significantly alter nutrient cycling processes. We evaluated the short-term changes in plant production and microbial activity due to fire and the long-term consequences of annual burning on soil organic matter (SOM), plant production, and nutrient cycling using a combination of field, laboratory, and modeling studies. In the short-term, fire in the tallgrass prairie enhances microbial activity, increases both above-and belowground plant production, and increases nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, repeated annual burning results in greater inputs of lower quality plant residues causing a significant reduction in soil organic N, lower microbial biomass, lower N availability, and higher C:N ratios in SOM. Changes in amount and quality of below-ground inputs increased N immobilization and resulted in no net increases in N availability with burning. This response occurred rapidly (e.g., within two years) and persisted during 50 years of annual burning. Plant production at a long-term burned site was not adversely affected due to shifts in plant NUE and carbon allocation. Modeling results indicate that the tallgrass ecosystem responds to the combined changes in plant resource allocation and NUE. No single factor dominates the impact of fire on tallgrass plant production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390180
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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