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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 2577-2582 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: High-pressure reactions ; [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition reactions ; Diastereoselectivity ; Cyclopentenones ; Cyclopentenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions under high pressure of cyclopentenone 1a or cyclohexenone 15, as well as of 1a or 3-substituted cyclopentenones 1b-d with cyclopentene (2), and of 1b with 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (18) are described. Whereas the pressure dependence on the regioselectivity in the photoaddition of 1a and 15 is very small, δδV≠ values up to 2.0 ± 0.3 cm3 · mol-1 have been found for the diastereoselectivity in the reactions of 1a-d with 2 and of 1b with 18.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diastereoselectivity ; Hetero Diels-Alder reactions ; Enamino ketones ; High-pressure kinetics ; Pyrans, dihydro- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diastereoselektivität und Kinetik intermolekularer Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen unter hohem Druck. Eine Signifikante Druckinduzierte Erhöhung der StereoselektivitätDie Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion der Enaminoketone 5a-d mit Ethylvinylether (2) in Dichlormethan- und Heptan/Isodurol-Lösung zu den Dihydropyranen 6a-d and 7a-d unter hohem Druck bis 7 kbar und 0.5 bis 130°C wird beschrieben. Die Kinetik wurde hierbei durch quantitative FT-IR-Spektroskopie bestimmt. Die Cycloaddition zeigt eine erhebliche druckabhängige Erhöhung der Diastereoselektivität zugunsten der cis-Diastereomeren 6a-c mit dem größten Effekt für die Reaktion von 5a und dem geringsten für 5c. Die druckgemittelten Brutto-Aktivierungsvolumina ΔV≠ liegen zwischen -(23.4±1.0) und -(24.2±1.0) cm3/mol, die ΔΔV≠-Werte für 5a, 5b und 5c wurden zu -(5.9±0.5), -(3.9±0.1) bzw. -(2.4±0.2) cm3/mol und die ΔΔH≠-Werte zu -(8.1±1.7), -(8.7±2.7) bzw. -(10.0±0.9) kJ/mol bestimmt. Auf Grund der günstigen ΔΔH≠- und ΔΔV≠- Werte konnte bei der Reaktion von 5a mit 2 zu 6a/7a eine Erhöhung der Selektivität von 1.67:1.00 bei 90°C und Normaldruck auf 13.6:1.0 bei 0.5°C und 6 kbar erreicht werden. Dieses Beispiel zeigt, daß eine signifikante und synthetisch wertvolle Erhöhung der Diastereoselektivität chemischer Reaktionen durch Anwendung von hohem Druck möglich ist.
    Notes: The Hetero Diels-Alder reaction of the enamino ketones 5a-d and ethyl vinyl ether (2) to give the dihydropyrans 6a-d and 7a-d is studied in dichloromethane and in heptane/isodurene under high pressure up to 7 kbar at temperatures between 0.5 and 130°C. The kinetics is measured by on-line FT-IR spectroscopy. The cycloaddition shows a remarkable pressure-dependent increase of diastereoselectivity in favour of the cis adducts 6a-c with the largest effect found for the reaction of 5a and the smallest for 5c. The pressure-averaged overall activation volumes ΔV≠ in dichloromethane are determined to be between -(23.4± 1.0) and -(24.2±1.0) cm3/mol. The ΔΔV≠ values for the cycloaddition of 5a, 5b, and 5c are -(5.9±0.5), -(3.9±0.1), and -(2.4±0.2) cm3/mol, respectively, and the ΔΔH≠ values are -(8.1±1.7), -(8.7±2.7), and -(10.0±0.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Because of the favourable ΔΔV≠ and ΔΔH≠, the selectivity of the reaction of 5a to give 6a/7a can be increased from 1.67: 1.00 at 90°C and 1 bar to 13.6:1.0 at 0.5°C and 6 kbar. This example shows that a significant and synthetic useful increase of diastereoselectivity in chemical reactions is possible by applying high pressure.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; Density functional calculations ; Cycloadditions ; Dihydropyrans ; Enantioselective oxidations ; Sulfur heterocycles ; Sulfoxides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 4-benzylidene-3-oxo[1,3]oxathiolan-5-ones 13-15, which were derived from the 3-oxo[1,3]oxathiolan-5-ones 9-11 by Knoevenagel condensation with the aldehydes 12, cyclize in an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction with high yield and excellent endo/exo as well as induced diastereoselectivity to give the hetero Diels-Alder adducts 16-18. The preferred formation of the Knoevenagel products 13-15 with a (Z) configuration was predicted with DFT calculations (B3LYP-6-311+G*) using the model systems 28 and 29. In addition B3LYP-6-31G*/sB3LYP/3-21G(*) calculations on transition structures for the hetero Diels-Alder reaction of 29 and 30 allowed a good correlation with the experimental results, which show that an endo attack of the dienophile syn to the S-O group in 13-15 leads to the main products.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 3013-3020 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cycloadditions ; Domino reactions ; Iminium ions ; Lewis acids ; Quinolines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intramolecular Lewis or Brønsted acid-catalyzed cyclization reactions of steroid arylimines 6 yielded either tetrahydroquinolines condensed to the estrane skeleton 9 or N-arylamino-D-homosteroids 12-16, depending on the substituent of the arylimino group.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Diels-Alder reaction ; Indole alkaloids ; Domino reactions ; Dihydroantirhine ; Strictosidine ; Cycloadditions ; Biomimetic Synthesis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient three-step biomimetic synthesis of the four diastereomeric 18,19-dihydroantirhines 4a-d starting from the tetrahydrocarboline aldehydes 5a and 5b is described. Domino reaction of the aldehydes 5a and 5b, respectively, with Meldrum's acid (6) and the enol ethers 8a and 8b in the presence of catalytic amounts of ethylenediammonium diacetate leads to the strictosidine analogues 10a-d and 11a-h, respectively, in 74-86% yield, hydrogenation of which gives mainly 15 and 16 with the skeleton of the vallesiachotamine indole alkaloids (55-86%). In addition, small amounts of 17 and 18 with the corynanthe skeleton are also formed (10-12%). Reduction of both 15 and 16 with LiAlH4 yields the diastereomeric rac-18,19-dihydroantirhines 4a-d in 78-86% yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Diastereoselectivity ; Hetero Diels-Alder reactions ; Enamino ketones ; High-pressure kinetics ; Kinetics, high-pressure ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hetero Diels-Alder reaction of the enamino ketones 1b and 1c with ethyl vinyl ether (2) in dichloromethane to give the dihydropyrans 3b/4b and 3c/4c is studied at high pressure up to 5 kbar. The kinetics is measured by on-line FT-IR spectroscopy up to 3 kbar. The cycloadditions show a relatively high pressure-dependent increase in diastereoselectivity in favor of the trans adducts 4b and 4c, respectively. The activation volumes at atmospheric pressure, ΔVo≠, are determined to be -(43.3 ± 2.1) and -(43.9 ± 2.9) cm3 mol-1 for the reactions of 1b and 1c at 100°C in dichloromethane solution. The activation enthalpies, ΔH≠ for the two cycloadditions at 1500 bar are (64.4 ± 0.4) kJ mol-1 and (64.0 ± 0.6) kJ mol-1. The ΔΔVo≠ values are (3.8 ± 0.3) and (4.6 ± 0.3) cm3 mol-1 and the ΔΔH≠ values (1.5 ± 0.2) and (2.1 ± 0.3) kJ mol-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Hetero Diels-Alder reactions, intramolecular ; High-pressure reactions ; Diastereoselectivity ; Pyrans ; 1-Oxa-1,3-butadiens ; Isoxazolones ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction of the benzylidene-isoxazolone 3 giving the adducts 4 and 5 is studied in dichlormethane under high pressure up to 5 kbar. The kinetics is measured by on-line FT-IR spectroscopy up to 3 kbar. The cycloaddition shows a clear pressure-induced increase in diastereoselectivity. For the difference in activation volume ΔΔV≠ of the reactions affording the two diastereomers, a value of -(1.6 ± 0.2) cm3 · mol-1 is obtained. The activation volume ΔVcis≠ is determined to be -(19.4 ± 0.5) cm3 · mol-1 at 343 K. The activation enthalpy and entropy, as derived from the overall rate coefficient k measured at 1000 bar, are (62.9 ± 1.7) kJ · mol-1 (at 343 K) and -(135 ± 11) J · mol-1 · K-1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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