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  • Cydia nigricana  (6)
  • Cydia nigricana (F.)  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana ; pheromone ; trap ; interactions ; trapping period ; trap catch ; flight behaviour ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des données antérieures concernant les interactions entre des pièges à phéromone alignés le long du vent ont été utilisées pour déduire les caractéristiques du comportement d'orientation deC. nigricana. Ces données ont été introduites dans un modèle de simulation quantitative qui prédisait que quand les captures totales sur une ligne ont été regroupées sur une période globale de piégage, la proportion capturée dans chaque piège devrait aussi avoir des valeurs moyennes semblables, mais varie plus largement que précédemment indiqué. Les simulations concernant des intervalles consécutifs beaucoup plus courts pendant la même période de piégage ont suggéré une forme spécifique de cette variation. Cette note signale des variations à court terme dans la proportion capturée au piège qui confirment ces prédictions. Nous montrons que sur des intervalles consécutifs brefs pendant une simple période de piégage, la proportion capturée dans le piège central d'une ligne de 3 pièges est contstante, bien que sa valeur change suivant les périodes de piégage. La proportion capturée dans le piège face au vent de 2 ou 3 lignes de pièges suit cette tendance dans le temps, ce qui est généralement bien représenté avec des courbes simples. Ces tendances changent suivant les périodes de piégage, mais des lignes de pièges fonctionnant simultanément fournissaient des résultats similaires. On suggère que ces résultats sont dus à des changements dans des processus comportementaux systématiques et non à des effects aléatoires. Les mécanismes possibles sont discutés.
    Notes: Abstract Short-term variations in the relative catch in each of two or three interacting pheromone traps for the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), were investigated for traps aligned along the wind. The proportional catch in each trap varied widely, although the mean values accorded with previous estimates. Over consecutive short intervals during a single trapping period the proportion caught in the centre trap of a three-trap line was constant. The proportion caught in the upwind trap of two-and three-trap lines showed trends in time. These trends differed between trapping periods, but two lines of traps operated simultaneously gave similar results to each other. It is suggested that these results, which are predicted by a model based on various components of moth orientation behaviour, are caused by changes in systematic behavioural processes, not random effects. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 26-30 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana ; pheromones ; traps ; interactions ; attractant-dose ; trap efficiency ; experimental design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung verschiedener Mengen zweier Attraktivstoffe auf die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Pheromonfallen für den Erbsenwickler, Cydia nigricana F., wurde untersucht. Drei Fallen mit je 103 μg des Pheromonanalogs (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl Acetat (E10-12: Ac), wurden in einer Reihe in der Hauptwindrichtung aufgehängt. Bei Fallenabständen von 15 m und 50 m war die gegenseitige Beeinflussung offensichtlich. Im vergleich mit isolierten Fallen wurde der Fang der zentralen Falle reduziert. Die “Aufwindfalle” fing nicht mehr als die andern Fallen und zwar im Gegensatz zu Versuchen, in denen die Fallen je 102 μg des natürlichen Pheromons (E,E) 8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl Acetat (E, E8, 10–12: Ac) enthielten. Wenn die Menge von E10-12: Ac in Fallenreihen mit 50 m Abstand geändert wurde (z.B. 104 μg), wurde das Fangprofil nicht geändert. Wurde die Menge von E, E8, 10–12: Ac auf 1 μg pro Falle vermindert, ergab sich ein Profil, das allen Kombinationen von E10-12: Ac entsprach. Die Fängigkeit der Fallen im Nahbereich von 1 m wurde mehr durch den Lockstoff als durch die Menge beeinflusst. Fallen mit E, E8, 10–12: Ac waren fast zweimal fängiger als Fallen mit E10-12: Ac (37% und 22%). Demnach scheint die erste Substanz der bessere Nahdistanzlockstoff zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of different doses of two attractants on the interactions between pheromone traps for the pea moth, Cydia nigricana (F.) were investigated. In lines of three traps along the wind, each containing 103 μg (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate (E10-12: Ac), interactions were evident at spacings of 15 m and 50 m; the centre trap catch was suppressed (cf. an isolated trap) but, unlike interacting traps containing 102 μg (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (E, E8, 10–12: Ac), the upwind trap did not catch more moths than the other traps. Changing the dose of E10-12: Ac in lines of traps with a spacing of 50 m did not affect the profile of catches, but reducing the dose of E, E8, 10–12: Ac to 1 μg per trap resulted in a profile similar to that obtained with all doses of E10-12: Ac. The efficiency with which traps caught moths approaching within 1 m was affected by the attractant rather than the dose. Traps containing E, E8, 10–12: Ac were almost twice as efficient as those containing E10-12: Ac, suggesting that the former is a better close-range attractant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 5-14 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pheromone ; sex-attractant ; range ; attraction ; stimulation ; sampling ; Lepidoptera ; Cydia nigricana ; mark and recapture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations and experiments which indicate the range of attraction of a sex-attractant source are distinguished from those which show its range of stimulation or sampling range. Published evidence of these ranges for lepidopteran sex-attractant sources is reviewed. In particular, evidence for the values of these three parameters for traps containing 100 μg of synthetic sex-pheromone of the pea moth, Cydia nigricana (F.), is presented, including the results of a timed mark and recapture experiment. It is concluded that for C. nigricana the ranges of attraction, stimulation and the daily sampling range for such a source placed in a cereal crop are at least 200, 500 and 500 m respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: pea moth ; Cydia nigricana ; pheromone ; trap ; flight behaviour ; ground track ; downwind flight ; upwind flight ; wind ; response ; interactions ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein räumliches mathematisches Modell für den Flug männlicher Cydia nigricana Falter auf mehrere in einem Weizenfeld in einer Reihe längs der hauptwindrichtung angeordneter Pheromonfallen nimmt folgendes an: 1. In Fallennähe reagieren stimulierte Falter auf ein abgegrenzte Pheromonwolke (wie über offenen Grund) durch Direktflug auf die Falle. 2. In weiterer Distanz nehmen die Falter kontinuierlich Pheromon wahr und orientieren sich gegen die momentane Windrichtung; die resultierende mittlere horizontale Flugspur geht demnach mehr gegen die Hauptwindrichtung als direkt auf die Falle. Es wurden Versuche angelegt um diese Annahme zu prüfen. Dazu wurden Windmessungen und quantifizierte Beobachtungen der Horizontalspur der Falter gemacht und zwar in 5×5 m Weizenflächen, 12,5 and 17,5 m von der nächsten von 3 Pheromonfallen. Die Resultate bestätigen die Annahme und deuten darauf hin, dass die Distanz, bei welcher die Falter in einem Weizenfeld bei Windstärken von 4–10 km/h ständig Pheromon wahrzunehmen beginnen, zwischen 12,5 und 17,5 m beträgt. Fast die Hälfte der beobachteten Falter flog mitwind, meist direkt von der nächsten Pheromonfalle, die windaufwärts der Beobachtungsfläche war — unabhängig von der mittleren Windrichting. Offenbar waren diese Falter von der betreffenden Falle angezogen aber nicht gefangen worden. Diese Flüge waren gemäss Beobachtung lang, relative schnell und gerade; es wurde keine Vorzugsrichtung von der Fälle her beobachtet. Flüge quer zur Windrichtung wurden selten beobachtet, dagegen wurden Schwebflüge und Suchflüge festgestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The flight of male pea moth, Cydia nigricana, to three interacting pheromone traps aligned along the wind in wheat, was recorded with respect to the current wind direction. 12.5 m downwind of a trap, upwind flying moths responded as if to a discrete plume over open ground. However, at 17.7 m they flew, on average, in the mean upwind direction, and not directly towards the trap, thus confirming the suggestions of a simulation model which assumed that moths in a crop beyond a certain distance from a trap perceive pheromone continuously. Almost half the moths observed were moving downwind, directly from the nearest pheromone trap, irrespective of the mean wind direction. Such flights were long, relatively fast and straight, and were presumably due to moths leaving the vicinity, after initially locating that trap. No preferred direction of flight from the trap was found. True crosswind flight was relatively rare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 37-42 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Cydia nigricana ; pea moth ; pheromone ; sex-attractant ; orientation ; anemotaxis ; substrate ; contamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The close-range orientation behaviour of male pea moths, Cydia nigricana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to a substrate contaminated with synthetic sex pheromone was studied in the field. The substrate was a sheet of polypropylene ‘grass’ on a 1 m diam arena, on the upwind edge of which a pheromone trap had been placed previously for 1 h. After removal of the trap, moths continued to be attracted to the arena and to the vacated trap position. Video-recorded tracks showed that the moths behaved anemotactically whilst on the arena. When the arena was revolved so that the vacated trap position was on the downwind edge, moths continued to fly upwind on the arena, even though they were flying away from the original trap position and down a concentration gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; lure ; formulation ; antioxidant ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lures containing different amounts of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were formulated in natural rubber stoppers or polyethylene vials and tested in traps in the field to establish relative attractiveness to males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.), dose-response relationships, and the effects of weathering. Initially, both formulations of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were much more attractive than those of (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, but their activity diminished considerably after only 5 days in the field because an inhibitor was formed, and polyethylene formulations were not attractive after one week. However, lures containing (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, with or without antioxidants, in both rubber and polyethylene were still attractive after three months' exposure in the field and are therefore suitable for practical monitoring of pea moth populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1857-1866 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex attractant ; pheromone ; monitoring ; peas ; Pisum sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The use of sex attractants to monitor the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.) in the United Kingdom is decribed. Two systems are currently available: one for use in combining (dry-harvested) peas for human consumption or seed, and one for use in vining peas for freezing or canning. The development and details of both systems are reviewed and their commercial application discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 397-408 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pea moth ; Cydia nigricana (F.) ; Lepidoptera ; Olethreutidae ; sex attractant ; (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate ; inhibitor ; Synergist ; lure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-10-Dodecen-1-yl acetate (E10–12∶Ac) and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ylacetate (E,E8,10–12∶Ac) are sex attractants for males of the pea moth,Cydia nigricana (F.). Thirty-two structurally related compounds with chain lengths of 9–14 carbon atoms were exposed withE10–12∶Ac orE,E8,10–12∶Ac in traps in the field to investigate their influence on the activity of the attractants. Only alchols and acetates unsaturated at C-8, -9, or -10 greatly influenced moth captures. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol were weak synergists forE10–12∶Ac but no synergists forE,E8,10–12∶Ac were found. (Z) and (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol inhibited bothE10–12∶Ac andE,E8,10–12∶Ac while (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol, 10-dodecyn-1-ol, (Z) and (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-10-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and undecyl acetate inhibited only the former attractant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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