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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 288 (1996), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Phospholipases A ; Epidermal inflammation ; Keratinocytes ; Cytokines ; Corticosteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 )-catalysed liberation of arachidonic acid is the rate-limiting step in the generation of the lipid mediators prostaglandins and leukotrienes. PLA 2 regulation thus represents a pivotal mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammation. In this study we investigated the effects of TNFα and IL-1α on PLA 2 activity in cultured murine keratinocytes. Starting 18 h after stimulation, PLA 2 activity increased significantly by about 250–320%) in the supernatants and in the cell pellets. This effect was completely inhibited either by preincubation of the cells with dexamethasone 48 h before stimulation or by coincubation with actinomycin D. PLA 2 acitivty detected in the supernatants was blocked by reduction with dithiothreitol, whereas the PLA 2 activity in the pellets was dithiothreitol-resistant. We conclude that in murine keratinocytes IL-1α induce de novo synthesis and release of a secretory PLA 2 and the induction of a different PLA 2 activity in the cytosol. These findings indicate a crucial link betweeen early cytokine effects and the initiation of the lipid mediator cascade in keratinocytes. The observation that PLA 2 induction could be completely inhibited by preincubation with dexamethasone allows new insights into the mechanism of steroid effects on epidermal inflammation and renders PLA 2 regulation an interesting therapeutic target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 51 (2000), S. 637-645 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Autoantigen ; BP180 ; ELISA ; Mausmodell ; Zytokine ; Key words Autoantigen ; BP180 ; ELISA ; Mouse model ; Cytokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal blistering autoimmune disease of the elderly. Autoantibodies are directed against two hemidesmosomal proteins, designated BP180 and BP230. While BP230 localizes intracellularly and associates with the hemidesmosomal plaque, BP180 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain consisting of approximately 1000 amino acids. The non-collagenous (NC) 16A domain, that encompasses 76 amino acids and localizes directly adjacent to the transmembrane region, has been identified as an immunodominant region of the BP180 ectodomain. In the majoroty of BP sera, circulating antibodies to BP180NC16A are detected; their serum levels correlate with disease activity. Neonatal mice that are injected with rabbit anti-murine BP180 antibodies develop a BP-like subepidermal blistering disease demonstraiting the biological importance of antibodies to BP180. The pathogenetically relevant site on murine BP180 corresponds to a stretch of the NC16A domain on human BP180. In contrast to pemphigus, in BP, autoantibodies alone are not sufficient to induce blisters. In addition, complement activation, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the release of proteases and various inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, are essential for lesion formation. In this review, we give an up-date on the pathogenesis of BP.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das bullüse Pemphigoid (BP) ist eine Blasen bildende Autoimmundermatose des älteren Menschen. Die Autoantikörper sind gegen 2 hemidesmosomale Strukturproteine der Haut, BP180 und BP230, gerichtet. Während BP230 intrazellulär liegt und einen Bestandteil des hemidesmosomalen Plaques darstellt, ist BP180 ein transmembranöses Glykoprotein mit einer ca. 1000 Aminosäuren umfassenden extrazellulären Domäne. Die 76 Aminosäure große NC16A-Domäne unmittelbar an der Zellmembran stellt eine immundominante Region innerhalb der BP180-Ektodomäne dar. Die Mehrzahl der BP-Patienten weist zirkulierende Autoantikörper gegen BP180 NC16A auf, deren Serumspiegel mit der Krankheitsaktivität korrelieren. Durch den passiven Transfer von Kaninchenantikörpern, die gegen murines BP180 erzeugt wurden, gelingt die Induktion einer BP-ähnlichen subepidermal Blasen bildenden Erkrankung in neonatalen Mäusen. Dies unterstreicht die biologische Bedeutung von Antikörpern gegen BP180. Die pathogenetisch relevante Region auf dem murinen BP180 entspricht der humanen BP180-NC16A-Domäne. Anders als beim Pemphigus führt beim BP die alleinige Bindung der Autoantikörpern an das Autoantigen nicht zur Blasenbildung. Zusätzlich sind die Aktivierung von Komplement, die Infiltration von Entzündungszellen und Freisetzung von Proteasen und verschiedenen Entzündungsmediatoren für die Blasenbildung erforderlich. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den heutigen Kenntnisstand zur Pathogenese des BP, der sich innerhalb der letzten Jahre erheblich vermehrt hat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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