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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phage and defective phage of strains of Myxococcus (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriophage ; Myxococcus ; DNA ; Restriction ; Phage proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Phage-like particles were found in the supernatants of cultures of strains of Myxococcus xanthus, M. virescens and M. fulvus. The largest number of such particles was associated with M. virescens V2. Most of the particles were similar in morphology to the virulent Myxococcus phage, MX-1. 2. Several new phages were isolated from soil and animal droppings. A new phage was isolated from cultures of M. virescens V2. All resembled phage MX-1 in morphology and were related to phage MX-1 serologically. One of these phage, øm, was characterized by fractionation of its proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by analysis of the restriction fragments of its DNA. The very close relatedness with MX-1 was confirmed by these techniques. Phage øm, was found to exist in a state of pseudolysogeny with strains of M. virescens and M. fulvus. 3. Two types of bacteriocin-like activity were found associated with Myxococcus strains. In one case, the activity was extracted from chloroform-killed or from sonicated cells. In the second case it was associated with extracellular material. Strains of Salmonella and Cytophaga were found to be good indicators for this latter activity. These strains were found to be killed by phage MX-1. 4. The significance of these data for origin of the phages of myxococci are discussed and it is proposed that MX-1 and the newly isolated phages may be virulent mutants of a family of lysogenic phages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454852
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA of Myxococcus bacteriophage MX-1: Macromolecular properties and restriction fragments (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriophage MX-1 ; Myxococcus ; DNA ; Restriction fragments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Bacteriophage MX-1 is a virulent DNA phage whose hosts include strains of Myxococcus xanthus, M. fulvus and M. virescens. DNA was extracted from purified phage preparations. The molecular weight of phage DNA was measured by sedimentation-velocity and by rate-zonal ultracentrifugation. The apparent molecular weight was found to vary for reasons discussed in the text. From ratezonal ultracentrifugation, using calibrated sucrose gradients, the molecular weight was calculated to be 149 (± 22)×106 daltons. The base composition of the DNA was estimated by different methods and was found to be 50–52% (G+C). The DNA demonstrated an anomalous thermal denaturation profile in dilute buffer. Denatured DNA was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and by buoyant-density centrifugation. No significant strand separation was obtained and it was concluded that overall base compositions of the two strands are very similar. 2. DNA from bacteriophage MX-1 was hydrolysed with restriction endonucleases R. EcoRI, R. EcoRII and R. HindIII. The restriction fragments were catalogued and their apparent molecular weights calculated from electrophoresis gels calibrated with fragments from the DNA of coliphage λ. From the total fragments obtained with nuclease R. EcoRI, the minimum apparent molecular weight of MX-1 DNA was found to be 130×106 daltons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428955
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auxin-induced assimilate translocation in the bean stem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 5 (1987), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: assimilate translocation ; auxin ; invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; phloem translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Decapitation of the fully-elongated fourth internode of Phaseolus vulgaris plants resulted in the disappearance from the internode of soluble acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26). This loss was prevented by local applications to the internode of indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) and, at the point of IAA application, the specific activity of the enzyme increased by up to 3 times its initial value within 48 h of treatment. IAA applications stimulated the acropetal translocation to the internode of 14C-sucrose applied to the subtending (second) trifoliate leaf 30 h after decapitation and the start of the auxin treatment. Labelled assimilates accumulated in the IAA-treated region of the internode. Following decapitation the concentration of hexose sugars in the internode fell and that of sucrose rose substantially, but these trends were reversed by IAA treatment. However, small local accumulations of sucrose occurred at the point of auxin application where tissue concentrations of IAA were greatest (determined using [1-14C] IAA). Considerable quantities of starch were present in the ground parenchyma of the internodes at the start of the experiment but, in the absence of IAA, this was remobilised within 48 h of decapitation. IAA prevented starch loss at and below its point of application to the internode, but not from more distal tissues. Cambial proliferation, radial growth and lignification were stimulated in and below IAA-treated regions of the internode. These observations are discussed in relation to the hormonal regulation of assimilate translocation in the phloem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024693
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of acid invertase activity by indol-3yl-acetic acid in tissues undergoing cell expansion (1986)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 4 (1986), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Acid invertase (β-fructofuranosidase) ; auxin ; cell expansion ; Phaseolus vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The soluble acid invertase activity of young, excised P. vulgaris internodal segments fell when they were incubated in water, and their elongation ceased within 6–7 h. IAA (10 μM) promoted segment elongation and stimulated an increase in the specific activity of acid invertase to a level greater than that originally present. The rate of segment elongation in the presence of IAA was closely and positively correlated with the specific activity of the enzyme. Optimum concentration of IAA for both elongation and stimulation of invertase activity was 10 μM. Concurrent protein synthesis was necessary for these responses to IAA. Segments cut from mature, fully-elongated internodes did not responsd to IAA. Inclusion of Ca2+, vanadate or mannitol in the incubation medium abolished IAA-induced segment elongation but did not inhibit the stimulation of acid invertase activity by IAA. Auxin-induced elongation and acid invertase activity were both substantially increased in the presence of up to 25 mM D-glucose or up to 50 mM sucrose. Inclusion of either sugar in the medium considerably increased tissue hexose concentrations. Under some circumstances cell growth and invertase synthesis may compete for available hexose substrate. It is concluded that IAA-induced promotion of acid invertase in P. vulgaris internodal segments is not simply an indirect consequence of removal of end-product (hexose) during IAA-induced cell growth and that a more direct action of IAA on enzyme turnover is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028169
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