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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of common cis-regulatory elements responsible for the endosperm-specific expression of members of the rice glutelin multigene family (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 1207-1221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cis-regulatory elements ; AACA motif ; GCN4 motif ; transgenic tobacco plants ; endosperm specificity ; glutelin gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glutelin is the most abundant storage protein in rice, which is expressed specifically in the endosperm of maturing seed. Glutelin is encoded by about 10 genes per haploid genome, which are clearly divided into two subfamilies (GluA and GluB). Most of them are coordinately expressed during seed maturation in spite of the remarkable divergence in the 5′-flanking regions between members of two subfamilies. In order to identify the common regulatory mechanisms responsible for the endosperm-specific expression, various cis-regulatory elements in the 5′-flanking region of the glutelin GluB-1 gene were characterized by studying the expression of chimeric genes that consisted of the sequentially deleted or mutagenized promoter and a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in transgenic tobacco seeds. The essential cis-regulatory elements governing the spatially and temporally specific expression of the glutelin gene expression were located within the first 245 bp of the promoter region of the GluB-1 gene from the site of initiation of transcription. The AACA motif between positions −73 and −61 common to all the six genes for glutelin sequenced to date and is repeated between positions −212 and −200 is implicated in the seed-specific expression. The GCN4 motif between positions −165 and −158 and between positions −96 and −92 that is conserved at homologous sites in all the members of glutelin gene family is also involved in the seed-specific regulation. However, both are required for the high level of seed-specific expression, because deletion of the region containing one set of both elements or substitution mutation of the AACA or GCN4 motif substantially reduced the activity. As a whole, our results suggest the combinatorial interaction of the elements in regulation of the glutelin gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019553
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the 5′ flanking region responsible for the endosperm-specific expression of a rice glutelin chimeric gene in transgenic tobacco (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: β-glucuronidase gene ; endosperm-specific expression ; 5′ deletions ; glutelin gene ; rice ; transgenic tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 5′ upstream region of the rice storage protein type II glutelin gene was examined for its regulatory function in transgenic tobacco. Chimeric genes containing 5′ flanking regions of the glutelin gene transcriptionally fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were introduced into the tobacco genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. The chimeric genes were expressed specifically in developing seeds, as opposed to leaves and stems, of the transgenic tobacco. Histochemical analysis revealed that the GUS activity was restricted to the endosperm tissue. A deletion series of the 5′ flanking region was created from position -1329 to -74 relative to the transcriptional initiation site and similarly examined in transgenic tobacco. Measurement of GUS activity of the seeds from the transgenic plants bearing the chimeric genes indicated that the region between positions -441 and -237 was required for the temporal and endosperm-specific expression of the GUS activity in tobacco. RNA analysis by northern blotting confirmed the importance of the -441 to -237 region. Addition of up to 888 bp to the -441 deletion resulted in little increase in GUS activity, although all constructs expressing the GUS gene showed a similar tissue and temporal regulation pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017916
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Aberrations of Chromosomes 16, 17, and 18 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (A FISH and FCM Analysis of 20 Cases) (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION ; FLOW CYTOMETRY ; HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION ; DNA PLOIDY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional cytogenetic studies havedemonstrated frequent abnormalities of specificchromosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma, although thereare few reports examining the relationship betweenchromosomal aberrations and clinicopathologic features. Inthis study, numerical aberrations of chromosomes 16, 17,and 18 were examined by fluorescence in situhybridization using pericentromeric DNA probes in 20 cases of surgically removed hepatocellularcarcinoma. DNA ploidy analysis was also performed byflow cytometry. Numerical abnormalities of chromosomes16, 17, and 18 were found in 7 of 19 cases, 15 of 20 cases, and 12 of 20 cases, respectively. Gainand/or loss of more than one chromosome was detected in16 of 19 cases. However, aneuploidy was seen in only 9of 20 tumors by flow cytometry. The incidence of aneusomy 17 and 18 increased with tumor sizeand stage progression. Fluorescence in situhybridization analysis demonstrated that numericalchromosomal aberrations accumulated with tumorprogression in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018838731634
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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