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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilised grassland: A 2-year study of the effects of N fertiliser form and environmental conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 252-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Grassland ; Denitrification ; N-fertiliser ; Nitrification ; Nitrous oxide emissions ; Global warming ; Ozone layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim was to investigate the effects of different N fertilisers on nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from agricultural grassland, with a view to suggesting fertiliser practices least likely to cause substantial N2O emissions, and to assess the influence of soil and environmental factors on the emissions. Replicate plots on a clay loam grassland were fertilised with ammonium sulphate (AS), urea (U), calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), or cattle slurry supplemented with AN on three occasions in each of 2 years. Frequent measurements were made of N2O flux and soil and environmental variables. The loss of N2O-N as a percentage of N fertiliser applied was highest from the supplemented slurry (SS) treatment and U, and lowest from AS. The temporal pattern of losses was different for the different fertilisers and between years. Losses from U were lower than those from AN and CN in the spring, but higher in the summer. The high summer fluxes were associated with high water-filled pore space (WFPS) values. Fluxes also rose steeply with temperature where WFPS or mineral N values were not limiting. Total annual loss was higher in the 2nd year, probably because of the rainfall pattern: the percentage losses were 2.2, 1.4, 1.2, 1.1 and 0.4 from SS, U, AN, CN and AS, respectively. Application of U in the spring and AN twice in the summer in the 2nd year gave an average emission factor of 0.8% – lower than from application of either individual fertiliser. We suggest that similar varied fertilisation practices, modified according to soil and crop type and climatic conditions, might be employed to minimise N2O emissions from agricultural land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide emissions from grassland and spring barley, following N fertiliser application with and without nitrification inhibitors (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Grassland ; Spring barley ; Nitrification inhibitor ; Nitrous oxide emission ; Denitrification ; Global warming ; Ozone layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and nitrapyrin on reducing emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) following application of NH4 + or NH4 +-forming fertilisers to grassland and spring barley. DCD was applied to grassland with N fertiliser applications in April and August in 1992 and 1993, inhibiting N2O emissions by varying amounts depending on the fertiliser form and the time of application. Over periods of up to 2 months following each application of DCD, emissions of N2O were reduced by 58–78% when applied with urea (U) and 41–65% when applied with ammonium sulphate (AS). Annual emissions (April to March) of N2O were reduced by up to 58% and 56% in 1992–1993 and 1993–1994, respectively. Applying DCD to ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilised grassland did not reduce emissions after the April 1993 fertilisation, but emissions following the August application were reduced. Nitrapyrin was only applied once, with the April fertiliser applications in 1992, reducing N2O emissions over the following 12 months by up to 40% when applied with U. When N fertiliser was applied in June without DCD, the DCD applied in April was still partly effective; N2O emissions were reduced 50%, 60% and 80% as effectively as the emissions following the April applications, for AS in 1993, U in 1992 and 1993, respectively. In 1992 the persistence of an inhibitory effect was greater for nitrapyrin than for DCD, increasing after the June fertiliser application as overall emissions from U increased. There was no apparent reduction in effectiveness following repeated applications of DCD over the 2 years. N2O emissions from spring barley, measured only in 1993, were lower than from grassland. DCD reduced emissions from applied U by 40% but there was no reduction with AN. The results demonstrate considerable scope for reducing emissions by applying nitrification inhibitors with NH4 + or NH4 +-forming fertilisers; this is especially so for crops such as intensively managed grass where there are several applications of fertiliser nitrogen per season, as the effect of inhibitors applied in April persists until after a second fertiliser application in June.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050312
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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