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  • Depression  (7)
  • prolactin  (7)
  • Phencyclidine  (5)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lithium on behaviour induced by phencyclidine and amphetamine in rats (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Phencyclidine ; d-amphetamine ; Lithium ; Locomotor activity ; Stereotyped behaviors ; Ataxia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract d-Amphetamine and phencyclidine (PCP) have both been reported to produce manic-like sequela in humans, effects that are reportedly antagonized by lithium. To test the hypothesis that the acute effects of these drugs in rats may serve as models of mania, the behaviors, induced by d-amphetamine (3 mg/kg) or PCP (5 mg/kg) were quantified on behavioral rating scales subsequent to chronic dietary pretreatment with lithium carbonate or control diet. On day 14 of pretreatment, PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors and ataxia were potentiated in rats receiving lithium (plasma levels 1.0±0.23 mEq/l). PCP-induced locomotor activity was not affected by lithium pretreatment. Stereotypies and locomotion induced by d-amphetamine were also not significantly affected by lithium pretreatment. These results suggest that neither PCP nor amphetamine administered acutely to rats will be useful models to explore the manic-like symptoms produced by these drugs in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433745
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lesions of the myofibril in myopathic and normal tissue from seven striated muscles (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myofibril ; Myopathy ; Phencyclidine ; Restraint ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of myopathic changes produced by phencyclidine (PCP) and restraint was studied in the diaphragm and 6 lower limb muscles of the rat. Fiber-type composition and muscle location did not correlate with the degree of injury; but muscle activity in restraint did correlate. The predominant lesion produced was extensive myofibrillar disruption, which was the only lesion temporally related to the increased plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity that begins within minutes of treatment. Early on, disoriented, structurally abnormal mitochondria were localized to foci of disrupted myofibrils, but they were absent in such areas at 24h. Significant Z-band smearing, accompanied by focal mitochondrial absence, was first noted at 24h. In untreated control muscles, Z-band smearing occurred predominantly in the soleus but was not limited to that muscle. The occurrence of Z-band smearing was related to the proportion of mitochondrial-rich fibers in control specimens. On the contrary, the occurrence of myofibrillar disruption was related to the proportion of mitochondrial-poor fibers in the control specimens. In both experimental and control muscle, Z-band smearing occurred predominantly in those specially differentiated peripheral areas in the muscle fiber which are immediately adjacent to transversely coursing blood vessels. These areas normally lack mitochondria. Thus, the mitochondrial absence in areas of Z-band smearing is not of the same significance as the focal mitochondrial loss that occurs in areas of myofibrillar disruption. These findings may apply to the pathogenesis of myofibrillar lesions in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691885
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The periodicities in and biometeorological relationships with bed occupancy of an acute psychiatric ward in Antwerp, Belgium (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human biometeorology ; Chronopsy ; Meteotropism ; Depression ; Psychiatry ; Psychopathology ; Endocrinology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, some investigators have established a seasonal pattern in normal human psychology, physiology and behaviour, and in the incidence of psychiatric psychopathology. In an attempt to elucidate the chronopsy and meteotropism in the latter, we have examined the chronograms of, and the biometeorological relationships to bed occupancy of the psychiatric ward of the Antwerp University Hospital during three consecutive calendar years (1987–1989). Weather data for the vicinity were provided by a local meteorological station and comprise mean atmospheric pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and minutes of sunlight and precipitation/day. The number of psychiatric beds occupied during the study period exhibited a significant seasonal variation. Peaks in bed occupancy were observed in March and November, with lows in August. An important part of the variability in the number of beds occupied could be explained by the composite effects of weather variables of the preceding weeks. Our results suggest that short-term fluctuations in atmospheric activity may dictate some of the periodicities in psychiatric psychopathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01214385
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phencyclidine and stress on plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aldolase activities in man (1972)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 26 (1972), S. 44-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Phencyclidine ; Stress ; Creatine Phosphokinase ; Aldolase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phencyclidine (Sernyl, Phen) is a potent psychotomimetic drug in man. In conjunction with restraint stress, Phen produces increased plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aldolase (Ald) activities and skeletal muscle pathology in rats. Increased plasma CPK and Ald activities and skeletal muscle pathology are found in some acutely psychotic patients. It was therefore of interest to determine if Phen increased plasma CPK or Ald levels in man. Four of seven subjects had no elevations of plasma CPK or Ald activity either before or after Phen, 0.1 mg/kg, i.v. One subject had increased CPK levels which began 1 h after Phen. Two subjects had increased Ald and/or CPK levels which began within 24 h before Phen administration and which persisted or increased for at least 24 h after Phen. The plasma enzyme changes occurred in those subjects who showed the most pronounced cognitive disruption after Phen. The effects of stress and Phen on plasma CPK and Ald levels and its implications for the study of muscle abnormalities in psychotic patients are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421917
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of isometric muscle tension in the production of muscle toxicity by phencyclidine and restraint stress (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Isometric Muscle Tension ; Plasma Creatine Phosphokinase ; Muscle Damage ; Sernyl ; Phencyclidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A restraint cage with a strain gauge attached to a movable roof to record the isometric force exerted by rats during restraint is described. The isometric activity score, an integral of the total upward force exerted during restraint, correlated significantly with plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in rats following restraint. Phencyclidine 5 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally to rats 15 min prior to 1/2 hr restraint has been shown to produce muscle damage associated with large increases of plasma CPK activity. Dose-response curves for the effects of phencyclidine on isometric activity score and plasma CPK activity were essentially parallel, and isometric activity scores were linearly related to plasma CPK activity. Rats restrained and painfully stimulated on the tail developed both elevated isometric activity scores and elevations of plasma CPK activity. Slopes of the curves relating isometric activity to plasma CPK activity were identical for painfully stimulated and phencyclidine treated rats. Phencyclidine has been reported to produce large increases in locomotor activity in unrestrained rats without muscle damage or elevated plasma CPK activity. Thus, increased isometric muscle tension developed during phencyclidine plus restraint is related to the production of muscle damage and increased efflux of CPK in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428834
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin but not norepinephrine-induced calcium mobilization of platelets is enhanced in affective disorders (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Depression ; Platelets ; Calcium ; Serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca++]i) in blood platelets from 11 depressed patients and 11 healthy controls were investigated. The resting [Ca++]i of platelets from depressed patients was 69.4±2.9 nM while that from controls was 74.6±4.0 nM. Serotonin (5-HT), at a concentration of 10 µM, increased [Ca++]i by 129.2±3.9 nM in platelets from depressed patients, which was significantly greater than that found in platelets from control subjects (105.2±6.0 nM). Norepinephrine (NE) 100 µM increased [Ca++]i by 46.1±7.1 nM in platelets from depressed patients, and by 38.6±6.1 nM in platelets from controls, respectively. These results indicate that 5-HT2 receptor function in platelets of depressed patients is enhanced, and support the hypothesis of hypersensitivity of 5-HT2 receptors in affective disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245410
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoendocrine aspects of major depression (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 245 (1995), S. 172-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Depression ; Psychoimmunology ; Interleukin-6 ; Soluble interleukin-2 receptor ; Prolactin ; Cortisol ; Pituitary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, a complete bidirectional circuit between the immune and neuroendocrine systems has been documented. Previous reports from this laboratory have shown that there are complex reciprocal relationships between immune and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function in major depression. To further examine the immune-endocrine relationships, this study investigates plasma baseline cortisol and prolactin secretion in relation to plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in 34 healthy controls and 56 major depressed patients. There were significant positive correlations between IL-6 or sIL-2R and plasma cortisol in major depressed subjects and in the combined group of major depressed and healthy subjects. There were also significant positive correlations between plasma prolactin and sIL-2R concentrations in major depressed subjects and in the combined groups of normal and major depressed subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193091
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-soluble interleukin-2 and transferrin receptor in schizoprenia and major depression (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 244 (1995), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Depression ; Schizophrenia ; Interleukin-1β Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Transferrin receptor ; Psychoimmunology ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was carried out to examine some components of in vivo immune function in major depression and schizophrenia. Toward this end, plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and transferrin receptor (TfR) were measured in 28 normal controls, 11 schizophrenics and 13 major-depressed patients. Schizophrenic and major-depressed patients showed significantly higher plasma sIL-2R and TfR than normal controls. There was a trend toward higher plasma IL-6 in the psychiatric patients, and particularly in schizophrenic patients, than in normal volunteers. In normal controls and in the total study group, there were highly significant and positive correlations between plasma TfR and sIL-2R concentrations. It is suggested that schizophrenia and major depression are characterized by immune disorders that may indicate activation of cell-mediated immunity such as T-cell activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190412
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pindolol on hormone secretion and body temperature: Partial agonist effects (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Pindolol ; cortisol ; prolactin ; serotonin ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pindolol has been shown to be a partial agonist at 5-HT1a receptors in preclinical studies. It has also been reported to inhibit the effects of other 5-HT1a partial agonists such as ipsapirone and buspirone on hormone secretion and body temperature in man, indicating its antagonist action at 5-HT1a receptors in man. To determine if pindolol has 5-HT1a agonist as well as antagonist effects in man, pindolol, 30 mg, p.o. and placebo, were given single blind in random order to 23 normal men with indwelling venous catheters and its effects on hormone secretion and body temperature noted. Pindolol significantly increased basal plasma cortisol concentrations, whereas it decreased plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations and body temperature. The increase in plasma cortisol due to pindolol suggests a 5-HT1a agonist action and is consistent with a 5-HT1a partial agonist mechanism in man whereas the PRL effects are consistent with an antagonist action at 5-HT1a receptors. The effects of pindolol on plasma cortisol concentration and body temperature were significantly negatively correlated. Furthermore, these results indicate significant differences in the 5-HT1a -dependent regulation of PRL and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and body temperature, and suggest that human basal PRL secretion is tonically stimulated by a 5-HT1a mechanism whereas the HPA axis and body temperature are not. Since rodent studies suggest differences in 5-HT1a receptor sensitivity between males and females, the results reported here need to be replicated in females. These differences in the effect of pindolol are discussed in terms of receptor reserve theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292618
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