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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; long-term diabetes ; Quarter Century Victory Medal for Diabetes ; vascular complications in diabetes ; microangiopathy of diabetes ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic nephropathy ; parental longevity ; obesity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Quarante-huit patients ayant une durée moyenne de diabète de 36 ans ont été examinés dans le but d'établir les facteurs cliniques et sociaux responsables de cette longue survie inhabituelle. La survie exceptionnelle de ces patients a été démontrée par une comparaison avec 48 patients se trouvant dans les mêmes conditions, parmi lesquels 9 sont morts dans les 10 ans apres l'apparition du diabéte et 19 dans les 25 ans aprés. — Parmi les 48 patients examinés, 24 avaient reçu précédemment la médaille de la ≪Quarter-Century Victory≫ pour avoir passé 25 années de diabéte démontré, sans complications vasculaires. Les 24 autres diabétiques de longue durée étaient comparables aux patients ayant reçu la médaille, en ce qui concerne le sexe, l'âge et la durée du diabète. — Une caractéristique frappante des 48 patients et particulièrement dans le groupe ayant reçu la médaille, était la faible proportion de maladie des gros vaisseaux. La micro-angiopathie était plus fréquente. Ainsi la rétinopathie non proliférative était présente chez 5 patients ayant reçu la médaille et chez 11 des diabétiques de longue durée. La rétinopathie proliférative a été trouvée chez 10 diabétiques de longue durée, mais chez aucun des patients ayant reçu la médaille. Des manifestations cliniques de néphropathie ont été trouvées chez 8 patients et la neuropathie chez 28 des 48 patients. — Parmi les patients ayant reçu la médaille, on a trouvé une prédominance relativement élevée de longévité parentale et une faible fréquence d'obèses et de gros fumeurs de cigarettes. — D'autres facteurs contribuant apparemment au prognostic favorable chéz les 48 patients examinés, étaient la pratique réguliére de sports ou d'autres activités physiques (93%) ainsi que le maintien d'un bon équilibre diabétique (79%). Trente-cinq pour cent des patients avaient de proches parents dans la profession médicale.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 48 Patienten mit einer mittleren Diabetesdauer von 36 Jahren wurden in der Absicht untersucht, die klinischen und sozialen Faktoren zu eruieren, die diese ungewöhnlich lange Überlebenszeit bewirkten. Wie ungewöhnlich der Krankheitsverlauf bei diesen Patienten war, ergab eine Gegenüberstellung mit 48 vergleichbaren Patienten, von denen 9 innerhalb 10 Jahren und 19 innerhalb 25 Jahren nach Ausbruch des Diabetes verstorben waren. — Von den 48 untersuchten Patienten hatten 24 schon früher die Quarter Century Victory Medal dafür erhalten, daß bei ihnen nach 25 Jahren dokumentierten Diabetes keine Gefäßkomplikationen festzustellen waren. Die verbleibenden 24 Langzeitdiabetiker waren mit den „Medaillen”-Patienten nach Geschlecht, Alter und Diabetesdauer vergleichbar. Auffä llig bei allen 48 Patienten und vor allem bei der „Medaillen”-Gruppe war der niedrige Prozentsatz von Erkrankungen der großen Gefäße. Eine Mikroangiopathie bestand häufiger. So lag eine nichtproliferative Retinopathie bei 5 der „Medaillen-patienten” und 11 der Langzeitdiabetiker vor. Eine proliferative Retinopathie fand sich bei 10 Langzeitdiabetikern, jedoch bei keinem der „Medaillen”-Patienten. Klinische Hinweise auf eine Nephropathie ergaben sich bei 8 und auf eine Neuropathie bei 28 der 48 Patienten. — Bei den „Medaillen”-Patienten fanden sich relativ viele Angaben über Langlebigkeit der Eltern und nur selten eine Fettsucht oder hoher Zigarettenkonsum. Weiter schienen zu der günstigen Prognose bei den 48 untersuchten Patienten regelmäßige Sportausübung und körperliche Bewegung (93%) und eine befriedigende bis gute Stoffwechselkontrolle beizutragen (79%). 35% der Patienten hatten nahe Verwandte in medizinischen Berufen.
    Notes: Summary Forty-eight patients with a mean duration of diabetes of 36 years were examined in an attempt to establish the clinical and social factors responsible for this unusually long survival. The exceptional course of these patients was demonstrated by a comparison with 48 matched patients 9 of whom had died within 10 years and 19 within 25 years of the onset of diabetes. — Of the 48 patients examined, 24 had received earlier the Quarter-Century Victory Medal for having passed 25 years of documented diabetes without vascular complications. The remaining 24 Long Term Diabetics were matched to the “Medal” patients as to sex, age and duration of diabetes. — A striking feature of all 48 patients and especially the “Medal” group was the low prevalence of large vessel disease. Microangiopathy was more frequent. Thus nonproliferative retinopathy was present in 5 of the “Medal” patients and in 11 of the Long Term Diabetics. Proliferative retinopathy was found in 10 Long-Term Diabetics, but in none of the Medal patients. Clinical evidence of nephropathy was found in 8 and neuropathy in 28 of the 48 patients. — A relatively high prevalence of parental longevity and a low frequency of obesity and of heavy cigarette smoking, were found in the “Medal” patients. Other factors apparently contributing to the favourable prognosis in the 48 patients examined included regular sports and other physical activity (93%) and maintenance of fair to good diabetic control (79%). Thirty-five percent of the patients had close relatives in the medical profession.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley genotypes ; boron toxicity ; soil temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in crop growth but its sufficiency range is narrow. Boron toxicity is a widespread problem in arid and semi-arid areas with cold weather. We investigated the effect of soil temperature (5, 10 and 15°C) on development of symptoms of B toxicity, plant growth and plant development, and on content and concentration of B in tissue of seedlings of four barley lines grown in soil with high level of available B (12 mg kg−1). Visual symptoms of toxicity were first observed in the high B soil concentration treatment at 5 °C at 12 days after emergence. Concentration of B in tissue decreased with increasing soil-temperatures. There was no effect of soil temperature on B content or B concentration in plant tissue at the final sample (17 days after emergence). High soil B reduced seedling and leaf emergence rates, although the final seedling emergence and number of leaves were unaffected. Barley lines differed in concentration of B in tissues and visual toxicity symptom development. Adaptation to high B was either through maintaining low tissue B concentration or through tolerance to high tissue B concentration. While the investigated range of temperature does influence B toxicity in barley seedlings, it remains to be determined whether it affects crop yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: boron toxicity ; durum wheat ; landraces ; Triticum durum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nineteen durum wheat landraces, cultivars or advanced lines of different origins in West Asia and North Africa (WANA), and three barley and two bread wheat varieties were evaluated for their boron (B) toxicity tolerance. Seedlings were grown at five levels of soluble soil B in a plastic house under controlled temperatures. Significant differences existed between the durum wheat entries in days-to-symptom appearance and foliar symptom score. Under the highest soil B treatment, large differences existed between entries for dry weight per plant (P〈0.05) but differences were non-significant for shoot B concentrations. Days-to-symptom appearance was highly correlated with symptom score, which was not correlated with shoot B concentrations. Boron toxicity symptom scores of the durum wheat entries ranged from the sensitive barley check to the moderately sensitive bread wheat check. As expected, days-to-symptom appearance decreased and symptom severity increased as the soil B concentrations increased. The result of this study supported the preliminary finding that small, though statistically significant, variation in B toxicity symptom scores exist in durum wheat. The higher CV of symptom scores found here was mainly due to one sensitive entry, Cakmak. If Cakmak was excluded from the analysis, the CV would be reduced by half, to 10%. Durum wheat genotypes which are more tolerant to B toxicity should be sought. Based on the results of this study, and of soil surveys and information collected in WANA, germplasm collected from Algeria, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey should be screened first.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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