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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 505-511 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ibuprofen ; Dexibuprofen ; enantiomer ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two bioavailability studies of S(+)-ibuprofen (dexibuprofen) were conducted in healthy volunteers to define the relationship between the bioavailability of the drug after administration of dexibuprofen alone or as part of ibuprofen racemate. Enantioselective plasma drug analysis was used throughout. In the first study, the bioavailability of dexibuprofen from a 400 mg tablet formulation was compared with that from 400 mg in aqueous solution. The tablet formulation did not influence the bioavailability of the drug and dexibuprofen was well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. The second study was divided into three identical parts. Bioavailability of dexibuprofen 200, 400 and 600 mg was compared with its bioavailability from ibuprofen racemate 400, 800 and 1200 mg. The second study showed that the mean relative bioavailability of dexibuprofen to ibuprofen racemate was 0.66, thus enabling the estimation of clinically useful dexibuprofen doses from the usual doses of the racemate. The 95% confidence interval limits did not include 0.5, leading to the conclusion that administering half of the racemate dose would not provide patients with an adequate amount of therapeutically active drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 1112-1118 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Phospholipase A2 ; Distribution ; Classification ; Diagnostic use ; Physiology. ; Schlüsselwörter: Phospholipase A2 ; Verteilung ; Klassifikation ; diagnostische Wertigkeit ; Physiologie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Gruppe der Phospholipasen A2 (PLA2) umfaßt sekretorische und intracelluläre Enzyme, die Phospholipide spalten und eine physiologische Funktion bei Entzündungsprozessen sowie der Verdauung wahrnimmt. Beim Menschen wird die Gruppe der sekretorischen, niedermolekularen PLA2 (sPLA2) von der Gruppe der cytosolischen, höhermolekularen PLA2 (cPLA2) unterschieden. Die beiden bekannten cPLA2 steuern die intracelluläre Reaktion auf einen Entzündungsreiz, indem sie Arachidonsäure aus Membranphospholipiden freisetzen. Die pankreatische sekretorische PLA2 (sPLA2-I) ist ein Verdauungsenzym, das als inaktives Zymogen von den Acinuszellen des Pankreas sezerniert wird. Bei der akuten Pankreatitis zeigt die zirkulierende, aber katalytisch inaktive sPLA2-I das Ausmaß der Pankreasschädigung an. Die sPLA2-II ist bei verschiedenen entzündlichen Erkrankungen und Infektionen, nach operativen Eingriffen oder schweren Traumen erhöht. Sie vermittelt die schwere systemische Entzündungsreaktion und ist an der Ausbildung schwerer Komplikationen beteiligt, indem sie die Bildung von Leukotrienen, Prostaglandinen und Plättchen-Aggregations-Faktor reguliert. Höchste sPLA2-II-Werte im Serum finden sich bei Sepsis und Multiorganversagen. Eine diagnostische Bedeutung kommt der sPLA2-II zu, da sie als früher Marker die schwere systemische Entzündungsreaktion und drohende Organkomplikationen anzeigt.
    Notes: Summary. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a group of secretory as well as intracellular enzymes that release phopsholipides as an early step in inflammation and play a physiologic role in digestion. In humans, the group of secretory, low-molecular-weight PLA2 (sPLA2) is differentiated from the cytosolic, high-molecular-weight PLA2 (cPLA2). The two known cPLA2 mediate the intracellular response to inflammation by releasing arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Secretory pancreatic PLA2 (sPLA2-I) is a digestive zymogen secreted from pancreatic acinar cells in its inactive form. Activated by trypsin in the duodenum, it is an important digestive enzyme. In acute pancreatitis, circulating sPLA2-I indicates pancreatic injury but is mostly inactive. Synovial-type secretory PLA2 (sPLA2-II), first isolated from synovial fluid of arthritis patients, is increased in inflammation, after surgery or trauma, and in various inflammatory diseases. Unlike sPLA2-I, its catalytic activity is held responsible for mediating the systemic inflammatory reaction and its complications by regulating the synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor. Clinically, sPLA2-II offers new possibilities as an early marker for severe inflammation and predicting systemic complications in severely ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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