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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of cephalic secretion of fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire bee ; Trigona (Oxytrigona) tataira ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; mandibular gland secretion ; enediones ; monoketones ; carboxylic esters ; hydrocarbons ; E-3-hepten-2,5-dione ; E-3-nonen-2,5-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the volatile compounds derived from cephalic glands of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira by GC-MS was undertaken. The following compounds were readily identified: hydrocarbons:n-C11H24,n-C13H28,n-C14H30,n-C15H32,n-C17H36,n-C23H48,n-C15H30,n-C17H34,n-C21 H42, andn-C23H46; carboxylic acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; carboxylic esters: dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, octadecyl acetate, and dodecyl decanoate; monoketones: 5-hepten-2-one, 3-hepten-2-one, 2-heptanone, and 5-nonen-2-one. Two major components of the mixture were identified asE-hepten-2,5-dione andE-3-nonen-2,5-dione. Structures of these novel compounds were suggested by their GC-MS behavior and the GC-MS behavior of their dimethoximes and proved by comparison with authentic synthetic samples. Trace amounts of the corresponding Z isomers and the saturated analogs, heptan-2,5-dione and nonan-2,5-dione, were also found. The possible functions of these glandular constituents are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988091
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest plundering allomones of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) mellicolor (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire bee ; Trigona (Oxtrigona) mellicolor ; Trigona (Oxtrigona) tataira ; honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; mandibular gland secretion ; allomone ; nest plundering ; diketones ; (E)-3-heptene-2,5-dione ; (E)-3-nonene-2,5-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ten volatile compounds derived from the cephalic glands of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona)mellicolor were bioassayed for possible allomonal activities facilitating nest plundering. Two diketones, (E)-3-heptene-2,5-dione and (E)-3-nonene-2,5-dione, caused the honeybeeApis mellifera to display avoidance behavior and reduced defensive behavior. These diketones are produced in relatively large quantities in fire-bee cephalic glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013901
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive adaptations of eggs and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 453-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretions ; oleic acid ; hydrocarbons ; terpenoids ; eggs ; deterrents ; ants ; predation ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; Gastrophysa cyanea ; reflex bleeding ; elytral glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Egg clusters and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea are conspicuous and, like their larvae, are chemically protected. The eggs owe their bright yellow color primarily to β-carotene and, in addition, contain substantial quantities of oleic acid. At natural concentrations oleic acid effectively deters many species of ants from feeding. The use of fatty acids as deterrents against ants is discussed as a possible widespread phenomenon among insects. During defensive confrontations, adults ofG. cyanea exhibit avoidance behavior and may also feign death. In addition, the adults may autohemmorhage or secrete a fluid from elytral or pronotal pores in response to traumatic stimuli. The secretions are effective against ants and contain a mixture of hydrocarbons as well as terpenoid components. The pattern of ontogenetic modification in the defensive chemical repertoire ofG. cyanea is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987793
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion coefficients of gallium(III) in potassium nitrate and potassium chloride supporting electrolytes (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Diffusion coefficients ; Gallium ; Mass transport ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diffusion coefficient values of GaIII in potassium nitrate and potassium chloride supporting electrolytes have been obtained polarographically. The half-wave potential, E1/2, and E3/4-E1/4 values have also been determined. The E3/4 - E1/4 values confirm the irreversibility of GaIII reduction in KNO3 and KCl electrolytes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140090308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of diffusion coefficients of metallic ions in aqueous solutions (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Diffusion coefficients ; Diffusion ; Metallic ions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many techniques are available for the determination of diffusion coefficients of ions in aqueous solutions. A review of classical and modern techniques is presented. Non-electrochemical methods are discussed briefly. Electrochemical methods reviewed include chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, polarography, and hydrodnamics. Selected values of the diffusion coefficients determined by these electrochemical methods of the metallic ions AgI, BiIII, CdII, CuII InIII, PbII, TlI, and ZnII are presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140080402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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