Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • solubilization  (4)
  • Diisocyanate  (1)
  • False positives  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 46 (1980), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Ames test ; Plate incorporation assay ; Salmonella/microsome test ; Test procedure ; False negatives ; False positives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This in vitro mutagenicity test system comprises five different strains of S. typhimurium as target cells with the rat liver S-9 fraction and appropriate co-factors for metabolic activation of the chemical tested. The bacterial tester strains detect both mutations induced by base pair substitutions and intercalation (frame shift mutations). Usually 108–109 cells of an overnight culture or an exponentially growing culture are incubated for 2–3 days with a mixture of S-9, co-factors, soft agar and the chemical on histidine-deficient agar. The S-9 fraction is obtained from the livers of rats pretreated with 500 mg/kg chlorinated biphenyls (Clophen A-50, Aroclor 1254) to obtain high metabolic activity. For reproducibility it is essential to standardize metabolic activity and protein content of the S-9 and to use three different concentrations thereof in the test system. Since solvents inhibit metabolic activation of the chemicals they must not exceed 4% of the final 2.6 ml incubate. Several independent studies have shown that between 85 and 93% of chemical carcinogens are mutagens in the test. Regarding extrapolation to man one has to consider that the test is preferentially adapted for metabolic activation of the chemicals, whereas inactivation processes are absent or are less active than in vivo. Thus, the test provides qualitative rather than quantitative information on mutagenic effects of a chemical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 822-824 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Low-temperature electronmicroscopy ; shape ofmicelles ; solubilization ; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ; N-methyl-N,N-diphenylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Low-temperature electron microscopy was used to image fracture faces of shock-frozen aqueous solutions containing the very large micelles of CTAB existing in the presence of N-methyl-N,N-diphenylamine (MDPA) and 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (9-AC) as solubilizates. When MDPA is present, large globular micelles are formed which have total aggregation numbers of the order of 105 and are seen to be clusters of smaller disc-like structures containing some thousand CTAB-units. Thread-like features are visualized in solutions containing 9-AC which is known to induce the formation of micellar rods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Lyotropic liquid crystals ; phase transitions ; photoisomerization ; solubilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Clearing temperaturesT HI, as observed in phase transitions from the hexgonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phase to the isotropic micellar phase of aqueous potassium octanoate systems were found to be sensitive to the presence of small amounts of certain stilbene derivatives. The influence onT HI is specific for the stilbene derivative and depends on whether thecis ortrans form is present. Sincetrans andcis isomers can be interconverted photochemically, phases can be switchedin situ upon exposure to light. Eight derivatives of stilbene were tested: 4-hydroxystilbene, 4-potassium-stilbenolate, 3− and 4-carboxystilbene, 3- and 4-potassium stilbene carboxylate, 2′,5′-dimethoxy-4-aminostilbene, and 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid. Upon solubilizing ≤1% w/w of trans stilbenes the clearing points varied between +15.5 K to −12 K as compared to pure aqueous potassium octanoate. Photoisomerization to the cis form resulted in increases ofT HI by up to 7.5 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 1222-1231 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Light scattering ; micelles ; rheology ; photochemistry ; solubilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Viscosities, flow properties, and static low-angle light scattering of dilute (≤250 mmol/dm3) aqueous micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were measured in the presence of various amounts of 9-anthrylmethanol (AM), 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol (TFAE), 1-(9-anthryl)ethanol (AE), 9-methylanthracene (MA), and 9-ethylanthracene (EA). At room temperature the solubilization of AM induces an increase of viscosity and a rise in aggregation numbers (as determined from low-angle light scattering). Both features are reverted upon in in situ photodimerization of AM. After lowering the temperaure, non-Newtonian flow is detected by means of a rotating viscometer. The solubilization of AE and EA, respectively, leads to analogous observations, while no viscoelastic features were obtained with solubilized MA. TFAE containing systems at room temperature show non-Newtonian flow accompanied by viscoelasticity which can be ascribed to the formation of long rod-like micelles. Raising the temperature as well as photodimerization diminish the lengths of the micelles and the non-Newtonian features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 850-859 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Surfactants ; micellization ; solubilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Surface tension measure-ments in aqueous cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide were performed in presence of various amounts of 9-(hydroxymethyl)anthracene (AM), 9-[1-(1-hydroxy)ethyl]anthracene (THAE), and 9-[1-(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoro)ethyl]anthracene (TFAE). Free energies ΔG ⊖ m and ΔG ⊖ i of micellization and of adsorption to the air–water interface, respectively, were determined as well as the corresponding enthalpies and entropies. ΔG o− m of micellization increased in the presence of AM and THAE, but became more negative when TFAE was added. In contrast to AM and THAE, TFAE addition decreases ΔS ⊖ i. For this peculiarity of TFAE, its location and orientation in micellar solution was investigated by means of UV and 19F-NMR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 43 (2000), S. 505-512 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Richtwerte ; Innenraumluft ; Diisocyanate ; Nichtberuflicher Umgang ; Keywords Guideline values ; Indoor air ; Diisocyanates ; Nonprofessional use
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Diisocyanates (DI) are reactive compounds. In the presence of an alcohol or a phenol they form polyurethanes, i. e. highly resistant polymers. DI are constituents of high quality paints and varnishes, adhesives and coating agents or of foams used in building and construction. Exposure to DI is irritative for the respiratory tract and the eyes and worsens lung function. A single exposure to high DI concentration or chronic exposure to lower concentrations above the maximum workplace concentration (MAK-value) are capable of causing “isocyanate asthma”, the symptoms of which are closely similar to allergic asthma bronchiale and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Low molecular weight polymers of DI (prepolymers) that have been in use for a long time to replace DI in commercial products can also cause symptoms of asthma. Indoor use of DI-containing varnishes and paints on large areas may result in an exposure near the MAK-values. Subsequently, the DI-concentration rapidly decreases. There is no evidence that DI are continuously emitted after termination of the polymerisation process. Therefore, an assessment of a short term-exposure limit for indoor use is not reasonable. It is recommended that DI-containing products in buildings be applied by professionals. Safety measures that should be taken are effective air circulation, avoidance of skin contact, attention of polymerisation time and prevention of dust when coats of freshly dryed paint are ground.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diisocyanate (DI) sind chemisch reaktive Verbindungen, deren Isocyanatgruppen in Gegenwart eines Alkohols oder Phenols Polyurethane bilden, die sich durch große Festigkeit auszeichnen. DI sind Bestandteile hochwertiger Lacke, Klebstoffe und Beschichtungsmittel oder von sogenannten Ortsschäumen im Baugewerbe. Bei den akuten toxischen Wirkungen der DI steht die Reizwirkung auf die Atemwege und Augen und die Verschlechterung der Lungenfunktion im Vordergrund. Einmalige Exposition gegen hohe DI-Konzentrationen oder geringergradige chronische Exposition wenig oberhalb der MAK-Werte können das sogenannte Isocyanat-Asthma, dessen Symptomatik dem allergischen Asthma bronchiale sehr ähnelt und chronisch obstruktive Bronchitis auslösen. Auch Präpolymere (DI in vorpolymerisierter Form), die seit langem anstelle von monomerem DI in handelsüblichen Produkten enthalten sind, können symptomauslösende Ursache asthmatischer Beschwerden sein. Im Innenraum ergibt sich eine Exposition mit Konzentrationen im MAK-Bereich während der groszlig;flächigen Verarbeitung von DI-haltigen Lacken. Danach fällt die Konzentration rasch ab. Nach Beendigung des Aushärtevorganges ist nicht mit einer Daueremission zu rechnen. Die Festsetzung eines Kurzzeit-Richtwertes II ist daher nicht sinnvoll. Es wird empfohlen, in Innenräumen DI-haltige Produkte von professionellen Anwendern verarbeiten zu lassen. Zu den wichtigen Vorsichtsmaßnahmen gehören: gute Lüftung, kein Hautkontakt, Beachtung der Aushärtezeiten und Vermeidung starker Staubentwicklung bei Abschleifen frischangetrockneter Anstriche.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...