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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired acquisition of an operant response in young rats depleted of brain dopamine in neonatal life (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 79 (1983), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Acquisition ; Brain lesions ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Neonatal rat ; Operant behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to examine the ability of brain dopamine (DA) depletion to alter learning ability in the developing rat, the rate of acquisition of a positively reinforced lever pressing response was examined in rats during days 30–45 of life following treatment with desmethylimipramine (DMI, 20 mg/kg IP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 35 μg intraventricularly) at 3 and 6 days of age, respectively. The 6-OHDA treatment produced a 40%–70% reduction of brain DA without altering growth rate, water intake, or locomotor activity. On the average, water-deprived control rats achieved the criterion for acquisition (50 reinforced lever presses/h) on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of water reinforcement after 3.1±0.5 sessions (mean ± SEM). In contrast, nearly one-fourth of the DMI + 6-OHDA-treated rats failed to acquire the response after 16 sessions and the remaining 6-OHDA-treated rats required more than twice as long as controls for acquisition (7.8±0.7 sessions). These results suggest that brain DA depletion in neonatal life can impair the acquisition of an operant response during development and that this deficit is independent of changes in growth rate or locomotor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427796
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etiology of the inflammatory bowel diseases (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 14 (1999), S. 2-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn's disease ; Ulcerative colitis ; Epidemiology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex disorders. While the exact etiology of these diseases remains unknown, recent progress in the epidemiology and genetics of IBD has clearly demonstrated both environmental and genetic factors to play a role in the development of the disease, and it is expected that some risk factors are common for both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The environmental factor(s) are associated with the Western way of life in the second half of the twentieth century. Cigarette smoking is presently the best known environmental factor. However, the effect of tobacco is opposite in CD and UC. A familial history of IBD is the most important risk factor for developing the disease, suggesting a genetic predisposition to IBD. This hypothesis has recently been confirmed by the localization of at least two susceptibility loci on chromosomes 12 and 16. These genes seem to play a role in both CD and UC. They must now to be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Norepinephrine metabolism in the rat brain following acute and chronic administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 37 (1974), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) ; Biogenic Amines ; Catecholamines ; Norepinephrine ; Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Antidepressants ; Depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TBH) was administered to albino rats in order to determine the effects of this drug on norepinephrine-H3 metabolism in the brain. With the possible exception of a slight enhancement of release, acute or chronic administration of TRH had little effect on the disposition and metabolism of norepinephrine-H3 in rat brain. In addition, no significant changes were found in brain levels of endogenous norepinephrine, serotonin or dopamine following the injection of TRH. Thus, little evidence was found to support a possible relationship between the reported clinical antidepressant activity of TRH and its effects on norepinephrine metabolism in brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426676
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial memory improvement by levodopa in parkinsonian MPTP-treated monkeys (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 147 (1999), S. 104-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words MPTP ; Levodopa ; Parkinson’s disease ; Memory ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The ameliorative effects of levodopa (l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine) on the motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients is well established, but characterization of its effects on the associated cognitive deficits is still incomplete. Objective: The present study determined the effect of different doses of levodopa on performance on a test of working memory in MPTP-treated rhesus monkeys, an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Four MPTP-treated monkeys and their age-matched controls with the same experimental history as the MPTP-treated monkeys were tested on a spatial delay response task. Each daily session consisted of five trials at each of seven randomly presented delays (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 s). Training was continued for 5 days in each of five different conditions. In the first condition, control and MPTP-treated animals performed the task without levodopa. In the second condition, both groups were tested with a dose of 100 mg of levodopa. In the third and fourth conditions, in which the doses of levodopa were increased to 250 and 500 mg, respectively, only the MPTP-treated animals were tested. In the final condition, the MPTP-treated animals where retested without levodopa. Results: Significant improvement was observed at all doses tested (range 100–500 mg). Conclusions: Levodopa can ameliorate memory impairments in this parkinsonian model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051148
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the behavioral effects of adenosine agonists and dopamine antagonists in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Adenosine ; Dopamine ; Antipsychotic ; Locomotion ; Ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The adenosine agonists 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidea-denosine (NECA), 2-chloroadenosine (2-CLA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), 2-(phenylamino)adenosine (CV-1808) and R and S isomers of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA and S-PIA) decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in mice and, except for CPA, did so at doses that did not impair motor coordination, a profile shared by dopamine antagonists. CV-1808, the only agent with higher affinity for A2 as compared with A1 adenosine receptors, displayed the largest separation between locomotor inhibitory and ataxic potency. Like dopamine antagonists, NECA and CV-1808 also decreased hyperactivity caused by d-amphetamine at doses that did not cause ataxia whereas A1-selective adenosine agonists reduced amphetamine's effects only at ataxic doses. Unlike dopamine antagonists, adenosine agonists inhibited apomorphine-induced cage climbing only at doses that caused ataxia. Involvement of central adenosine receptors in these effects was suggested by the significant correlation obtained between potency for locomotor inhibition after IP and ICV administration. Affinity for A1 but not A2 adenosine receptors was significantly correlated with potency for inducing ataxia. These results suggest that the behavioral profile of adenosine agonists in mice is related to their affinity for A1 and A2 adenosine receptors and indicate that adenosine agonists produce certain behavioral effects that are similar to those seen with dopamine antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442002
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase (ERG11) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are adjacent genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 7 (1991), S. 627-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; cytochrome P450 ; chromosome VIII ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; polymorphisms ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: DNA sequencing and analysis of genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction were used to demonstrate that SOD1 and ERG11 are adjacent genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c and to establish the correct intergenic sequence of this segment on chromosome VIII.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320070611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of phenotypes of the apterous mutation in Drosophila melanogaster (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: apterous mutant ; Drosophila melanogaster ; juvenile hormone ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The apterous (ap) mutant in Drosophila melanogaster exhibits phenotypes of wing deficiency, precocious adult death, and nonvitellogenic oocyte development. The latter phenotype previously has been shown to result from juvenile hormone (JH) deficiency in the adult stage. To explore the relationship between the hormone deficiency and the other phenotypes, the expression of each phenotype was measured in five alleles of ap (including a new, chemically-induced allele, ap77f) as wing length, survival five days after eclosion, and initiation and progress of vitellogenic oocyte development. No correlation could be found between severity of wing phenotype and that of precocious adult death or nonvitellogenesis. However, the latter phenotypes were correlated in both ap homozygotes and allelic heterozygotes, since adults that survive have wild-type vitellogenesis, and those fated for precocious death fail to develop vitellogenic oocytes. These results indicate that no relationship exists between wing and JH deficiencies, but that precocious adult death is related to hormone deficiency  -  probably through pleiotropy, rather than through causality.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010302
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