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  • Drug discrimination  (2)
  • Electron microscopy  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative pharmacology of nicotine and ABT-418, a new nicotinic agonist (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 120 (1995), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ABT-418 ; Antinociception ; Hypothermia ; Locomotor activity ; Drug discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract ABT-418, a novel cholinergic ligand, was reported to possess potent cognitive-enhancing and anxiolytic properties in animal models with reduced side effects (Decker et al. 1994; Garvey et al. 1994) suggesting selectivity of effects. In this study, the binding properties of ABT-418 to [3H]-nicotine sites were evaluated and its pharmacology investigated in different tests in laboratory animals. ABT-418 binds with high affinity to3H-nicotine binding sites in the brain with, however, a Ki (6 nM) less than that of nicotine (four-fold). In addition, it acts as a full nicotinic agonist in producing hypomotility, hypothermia and antinociception in mice and engendering nicotine-like responding in rat drug discrimination. The potency of ABT-418 is three to four times less than that of nicotine in all of the animal models, except for hypothermia. In addition, its behavioral effects are completely blocked by mecamylamine, a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist. Although activation of nicotinic receptors by ABT-418 produced several behavioral and pharmacological effects, our results do not suggest high selectivity of different effects as reported by Decker et al. (1994) and Garvey et al. (1994). However, it should be noted that we did not perform some of these tests that produced effects at low doses (Decker et al. 1994) and additional pharmacological studies are needed to establish its selectivity at multiple nicotinic receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245822
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological specificity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol discrimination in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 118 (1995), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Δ9-THC ; Drug discrimination ; Benzodiazepines ; Specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract While many previous studies have shown that a variety of cannabinoids substitute and cross-substitute for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in drug discrimination procedures, few have systematically examined potential THC-like effects of non-cannabinoid compounds. The purpose of the present study was to delineate further the pharmacological specificity of THC discrimination. Rats were trained to discriminate THC (3.0 mg/kg) from vehicle. Following determination of a dose-effect curve with THC, substitution tests with selected compounds from a variety of pharmacological classes, includingl-phenylisopropyl adenosine, dizocilpine, dextromethorphan, clozapine, buspirone, MDL 72222, muscimol, midazolam and chlordiazepoxide, were performed. Whereas THC produced full dose-dependent substitution, substitution tests with non-cannabinoid drugs resulted in less than chance (50%) levels of responding on the THC-appropriate lever, with the exception of (+)-MDMA (2.5 mg/kg, 50%) and diazepam (3.0 mg/kg, 67%). These results are consistent with those of previous studies and suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of THC exhibit pharmacological specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245942
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of the nerves innervating the muscle of the body of the bladder (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bladder body ; Mammals ; Musculature ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and structure of the nerves supplying the muscle of the body of the bladder in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and dog was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. The muscle of the arterioles located between the muscle bundles is innervated by a fine perivascular plexus and the nerves forming the muscular plexus can be divided into inter-and intra-fascicular components. Terminals containing variable but usually small numbers of clear and large dense-cored vesicles are particularly numerous in the interfascicular nerves and the intrafascicular nerves are characterised by large numbers of terminals with the features of those of cholinergic axons. In addition to many small clear vesicles, the cholinergic terminals contained some small dense-cored vesicles, and it is suggested that, as in the rat, these contain a second transmitter which is released with acetylcholine at the terminals during impulse transmission. Adrenergic terminals are more common in the muscular plexuses of the guinea-pig, dog and cat than in those of the other animals studied and there is evidence for the presence of two types of such terminal in the nerves. Of these, one contains a much smaller proportion of small vesicles with dense cores and many more large dense-cored vesicles than the second, and the possibility of a relationship between such terminals and those of short adrenergic neurones and neurones associated with non-adrenergic patterns of impulse transmission is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221700
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of ureteric innervation (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 515-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ureteric innervation ; Mammals ; Interspecies differences ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and structure of the ureteric nerves in a small series of mammals was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. There was marked interspecies variation in the extent to which the nerves penetrated the wall of the ureter and in the degree of development of the deep submucous plexus. In animals with a highly developed deep submucous plexus, terminal arterioles frequently passed through the muscle coat before breaking up into capillaries. These vessels were surrounded by a fine periarteriolar plexus and were accompanied in their course through the muscle coat by one or more branches of the adventitial nerves. Intramuscular nerves not related to arterioles contained few axons with terminals classifiable as either adrenergic or cholinergic, and in animals in which the muscle cells were arranged in fascicles rather than in sheets, the nerves were typically interfascicular in position. As in the rat, only the periarteriolar plexuses contained large numbers of adrenergic axons. Cholinergic axons were generally few, but were not uncommon in the deep submucous plexus when this was well-developed. The majority of the terminals encountered in the intramural nerves contained variable and usually small numbers of both clear and large dense-cored vesicles. The relationship between these terminals and those defined in the submucous nerves of the rat ureter was discussed and it was suggested that the marked variations in the diameter of the axons in the terminal areas and in the number of vesicles in the terminals were related to the effects of the mechanical and other derangements which occur during processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225768
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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