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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The availability of orally administered nortriptyline (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; single-dose kinetics ; plasma/blood concentrations ; metabolites ; absorption ; availability ; apparent volume of distribution ; plasma/blood clearances ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The availability of an orally administered drug may be defined as the fraction of the total dose that enters the blood. Three healthy subjects were given identical doses of nortriptyline hydrochloride (NT-HCl) by the oral and intramuscular routes. The availability was assessed by comparing the total areas under the NT plasma concentration-time curves produced by the two methods of administration. The concentrations of NT in plasma and blood were determined by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry and were found to be almost identical. The observed availability of NT in these subjects ranged between 56 and 70% (mean 64%). The availability predicted from the parenteral plasma levels (assuming an average hepatic blood flow of 1.7 l/min) differed from the observed availability in one subject, perhaps because of the known variation in liver blood flow between individuals. The gastrointestinal absorption of NT-HCl was complete, since the recovery of the main metabolite, 10-hydroxynortriptyline, was the same after the two routes of administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed that there might exist interindividual differences in the apparent volume of distribution of NT, (Vd)β. There was no apparent relationship between the variations in availability of NT and “steady-state” plasma levels or the disposition plasma half-lives of the drug. The calculated (Vd)β and (t 1/2)β of NT for each subject were in good agreement with those obtained from a previous study of single oral does of NT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564900
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations and effects of methaqualone after single and multiple oral doses in man (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methaqualone ; single and multiple dose kinetics ; dose-effect relationship ; sedation ; plasma concentration ; protein binding ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three healthy subjects took methaqualone (1.0 mg/kg) once daily for 16 days. Equilibrium concentrations in plasma were established after multiple oral doses and there was a linear post-steady state decline in the log plasma concentration of methaqualone. The drug was also given as single oral doses and plasma concentrations were followed for 5 days (t1/2=36 to 38 h.). Sedative effects were studied by psychophysiological tests and subjective ratings both in the single and multiple dose experiments. A significant impairment of flicker fusion discrimination ability occurred during the increase in the plasma concentration of the drug; maximum effects preceded peak plasma concentrations and the impairment disappeared whilst plasma concentrations were still high. The same effects were found in the subjective ratings. The drug was shown to have a possible tremorogenic effect after a hypnotic dose. One subject experienced sedation during the multiple dose experiment, despite the use of a low dose, an observation that should be taken into account, e.g. in car driving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560357
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of activated charcoal on plasma levels of nortriptyline after single doses in man (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 236-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Activated charcoal ; tricyclic antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; intoxication ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six healthy volunteers were given nortriptyline (NT) in doses of 0.86–1.00 mg/kg. There was a significant (P〈0.05) decrease in absorption of the drug if 5 g of activated charcoal was administered half an hour afterwards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of phenytoin in man (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenytoin ; single- and multiple dose pharmacokinetics ; dose-dependent kinetics ; bioavailability ; plasma concentration ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentration of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) have been studied in 5 volunteers after single oral and iv doses (5.0 mg sodium DPH/kg), and after multiple oral doses (2.0 mg sodium DPH/kg b.i.d. for 12 days). The data were analysed according to a one compartment model. The plasma half-life was 14.5 h±1.2 S.D. after i.v. administration, its apparent volume of distribution varied little (0.52 l/kg±0.04) and its bioavailability ranged between 0.70 and 1.0 (mean 0.87). After oral administration peak plasma concentrations were reached in 4 to 12 h. Elimination curves were slightly convex, probably due to an effect of slow absorption. Steady-state plasma levels varied twofold between individuals after multiple oral doses and exceeded those predicted from the single i.v. dose by 29 to 77%. The discrepancy was considered to be due to transition to dose-dependent kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561319
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacology and the provision of drug information (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 563-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug information ; Data base ; clinical pharmacology ; drug evaluation ; physicians ; consultation ; pharmacists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical pharmacologists have a service role in the provision of drug information to individuals both in hospitals and primary health care. We present here a systematic approach in answering questions in a drug information centre (DIC), and describe the working method and the documentation of the work in a question answer (Q/A) data base. Drugline is a full-text data base offering problem-oriented drug evaluation comparable to a clinical consultation. The drug information is produced in a non-commercial drug information centre sponsored by the national health care sector and the National Corporation of Swedish Pharmacies, and run jointly by clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists. A minor part of Drugline is available in English for online searching, in parallel with Medline at the database host, the Medical Information Centre at the Karolinska Institute Library and Information Centre, and the users represent mainly medical libraries, hospital pharmacies, university clinics, and the pharmaceutical industry. A network of DICs has been organized in Swedish university hospitals with access to Drugline for searching and the storage of questions and answers. This network has the potential for expansion throughout Europe. It offers the unique possibility of complementing drug product information with problem-oriented drug information emerging from cases in the real world of prescribing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265916
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    References used in a Drug Information Centre (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1995), S. 87-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug information ; references ; clinical pharmacology ; literature sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The literature sources used in 461 consecutive problem-oriented questions submitted during 1993 to a Drug Information Centre were reviewed retrospectively. Journals were the most frequently used literature source (36% of all quotations). Commonly used medical and clinical pharmacology journals, together with standard textbooks, provided the necessary information to solve more than 50% of drug information requests. Most questions could be answered by including the complementary use of the question/answer database Drugline. Drug information access is important for the improvement of rational use of drugs. According to the present study, this activity is possible with a fairly limited number of sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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