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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 253-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Serotonin ; insulin secretion in vitro ; Carcinoid ; Dumping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La sérotonine stimule la libération de l'insuline par le pancréas du lapinin vitro indépendamment du taux du glucose dans le milieu d'incubation. La concentration de 100 μg/ml provoqua une sécrétion insulinique maximale. Des concentrations plus élevées inhibaient la sécrétion d'insuline. L'incubation simultanée avec sérotonine et glucose causa une diminution légère de la sécrétion insulinique. Cette diminution augmentait quand la concentration de sérotonine augmentait. L'effet de 100 μg/ml de sérotonine était comparable à l'effet de 2 mg/ml de glucose ou de 1 mg/ml de tolbutamide. La signification de ces observations en vue d'expliquer la différence entre les résultats obtenus avec le test de tolérance au glucose par voie orale et par voie intraveineuse a été discutée ainsi que leur signification dans la pathogénie du dumping-syndrome et du syndrome du carcinoïde.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Serotonin stimuliert die Insulinfreisetzung aus dem Kaninchenpankreasin vitro unabhängig vom Glucosespiegel im Inkubationsmedium. Die Konzentration von 100 μg/ml führte zu einer maximalen Insulinausschüttung. Höhere Konzentrationen hemmten die Freisetzung des Insulins. Die gleichzeitige Inkubation mit Serotonin und Glucose rief eine geringfügige Verminderung der Insulinsekretion hervor. Diese Verminderung nahm mit steigender Serotoninkonzentration zu. — Die nach Stimulierung mit Serotonin (100 μg/ml) ausgeschüttete Insulinmenge entsprach der nach Zusatz von 2 mg Glucose/ml und l mg Tolbutamid/ml sezernierten. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für das Verständnis der unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse nach oraler und intravenöser Glucosebelastung wurde ebenso diskutiert wie ihre Bedeutung für die Pathogenese von Dumping- und KarzinoidSyndrom.
    Notes: Summary Serotonin stimulated insulin release, independently of glucose, from rabbit pancreatic tissuein vitro. A concentration of 100 μg/ml gave a maximal insulin release. Higher concentrations delayed insulin release. —The simultaneous incubation with serotonin and glucose led to a slight decrease in insulin release. This decrease in insulin release rose with increasing serotonin concentrations. — The insulin production induced by serotonin stimulation (100 μg/ml) was quantitatively equivalent to the maximal amount of insulin released by 2 mg glucose per ml, and by 1 mg of tolbutamide per ml. — The significance of these findings with regard to the difference in the results obtained with the oral as compared with the intravenous glucose tolerance test, and with respect to the pathogenesis of both the dumping and the carcinoid syndromes were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words RNA cleavage ; Hammerhead ribozymes ; Antisense RNA ; Antiviral agents ; In vivo expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Ribozymes of the hammerhead class can be designed to cleave a target RNA in a sequence-specific manner and can potentially be used to specifically modulate gene activity. We have targeted the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome with a ribozyme containing three catalytic hammerhead domains embedded within a 1 kb antisense RNA. The ribozyme was able to cleave TMV RNA at all three target sites in vitro at 25° C. Transgenic tobacco plants were generated which expressed the ribozyme or the corresponding antisense constructs directed at the TMV genome. Six of 38 independent transgenic plant lines expressing the ribozyme and 6 of 39 plant lines expressing the antisense gene showed some level of protection against TMV infection. Homozygous progeny of some lines were highly resistant to TMV; at least 50% of the plants remained asymptomatic even when challenged with high levels of TMV. These plants also displayed resistance to infection with TMV RNA or the related tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). In contrast, hemizygous plants of the same lines displayed only very weak resistance when inoculated with low amounts of TMV and no resistance against high inoculation levels. Resistance in homozygous plants was not overcome by a TMV strain which was altered at the three target sites to abolish ribozyme-mediated cleavage, suggesting that the ribozyme conferred resistance primarily by an antisense mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: RNA cleavage ; Hammerhead ribozymes ; Antisense RNA ; Antiviral agents ; In vivo expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ribozymes of the hammerhead class can be designed to cleave a target RNA in a sequence-specific manner and can potentially be used to specifically modulate gene activity. We have targeted the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome with a ribozyme containing three catalytic hammerhead domains embedded within a 1 kb antisense RNA. The ribozyme was able to cleave TMV RNA at all three target sites in vitro at 25°C. Transgenic tobacco plants were generated which expressed the ribozyme or the corresponding antisense constructs directed at the TMV genome. Six of 38 independent transgenic plant lines expressing the ribozyme and 6 of 39 plant lines expressing the antisense gene showed some level of protection against TMV infection. Homozygous progeny of some lines were highly resistant to TMV; at least 50% of the plants remained asymptomatic even when challenged with high levels of TMV. These plants also displayed resistance to infection with TMV RNA or the related tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). In contrast, hemizygous plants of the same lines displayed only very weak resistance when inoculated with low amounts of TMV and no resistance against high inoculation levels. Resistance in homozygous plants was not overcome by a TMV strain which was altered at the three target sites to abolish ribozyme-mediated cleavage, suggesting that the ribozyme conferred resistance primarily by an antisense mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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