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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Electric organ discharge ; Electric fish ; Androgens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Sternopygus macrurus were collected in Venezuela during the period of gonadal recrudescence in early or late dry season. Electric organ discharge (EOD) frequencies were recorded, blood samples were taken for analysis of steroid titers, and gonads were taken for determination of reproductive condition. 2. Mean EOD frequencies were significantly lower in males than in females in all samples. EOD frequency was inversely correlated with body length in males in late, but not early, dry season, and these parameters were never correlated in females. 3. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), but not estradiol-17β (E2), were inversely correlated with EOD frequency in males. No 11-KT was observed in plasma of females, and plasma levels of T and E2 in females were comparable to those of males. Neither T nor E2 were correlated with EOD frequency in females. 4. Testes collected in late dry season were more mature than those from early dry season; androgen levels and EOD frequency were correlated with testicular maturity. Ovaries collected in early dry season were immature, while those from late dry season were more mature. There was no relationship between EOD frequency and stage of ovarian development. 5. These results suggest that plasma androgens modulate EOD frequency in males during the reproductive season and that plasma E2 has little relationship to EOD frequency in either sex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Id-Reaktion ; Mykobakterien ; Tuberkulid ; Erythema induratum Bazin ; Lichen scrophulosorum ; Papulo-nekrotisches Tuberkulid ; T-Lymphozyten ; Key words Id-reaction ; Mycobacteria ; Tuberculid ; Erythema induratum of Bazin ; Lichen scrophulosorum ; Papulo-necrotic tuberculid ; T-lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The concept of tuberculid was introduced by Darier in 1896. In contrast to “true” cutaneous tuberculosis, properties of the tuberculids were explained by an hyperergic response to myobacteria or their fragments released from a different site of manifest or passed tuberculous infection. Key features include a strongly positive tuberculin skin test, evidence of concomitant manifest or past tuberculosis, and prompt response to antituberculous therapy The inability to culture M. tuberculosis or to demonstrate it microscopically from lesional biopsies, together with reports on tuberculid-like eruptions after BCG vaccination, supports this concept. Clinical manifestations are lichen scrophulosorum, papulo-necrotic tuberculids and erythema induratum of Bazin. The existence of tuberculids has been questioned, however, because the clinical and histological appearances are not always specific. An increasing number of case reports on tuberculids, new immunological tests and molecular biology-based techniques for the detection of mycobacteria have shed new light on the tuberculid concept.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Tuberkulidbegriff wurde 1896 von Darier eingeführt. Damit sollten von „echten“ Hauttuberkulosen symmetrische nichtkontagiöse Hauterkrankungen abgegrenzt werden, die Tuberkulose-assoziiert bei hyperergischer Reaktionslage des Organismus als Antwort auf eine hämatogene Streuung von Tuberkelbakterien oder deren Bestandteile entstanden waren. Ein stark positiver intrakutaner Tuberkulintest (Tuberkulinverdünnung 10 −9 bis 10 −11 ), eine durchgemachte oder noch manifeste Tuberkulose sowie das therapeutische Ansprechen auf Tuberkulostatika bei nicht möglichem histologischen oder kulturellen Nachweis von M. tuberculosis in den Hautveränderungen und ebenfalls die Beobachtung tuberkulidartiger Hauterscheinungen nach BCG-Impfung stützen dieses Konzept. Dem häufig hohen Anteil zirkulierender, PPD-spezifischer T-Lymphozyten wird eine besondere Rolle zugesprochen. Das pathogenetische Tuberkulidkonzept wurde auch auf andere infektionsallergische Hautreaktionen übertragen (Mykid, Bakterid, Virusid). „Id-Reaktionen”äußern sich meist als nodöse oder multiforme Erytheme, sowie als dyshidrosiforme, lichenoide oder papulo-nekrotische Exantheme. Als gesicherte Tuberkulide gelten Lichen scrophulosorum, papulo-nekrotisches Tuberkulid und Erythema induratum Bazin. Die Variationsbreite von klinischem und histologischem Bild, die wieder wachsende Zahl kasuistischer Beobachtungen sowie neuere immunologische und molekularbiologische Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten haben die Forschung über das Wesen von Tuberkuliden erneut in Gang gebracht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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