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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: B-cell ; B-cell granules ; DOPA ; dopamine ; electron microscopic autoradiography ; glibenclamide ; glucose ; insulin secretion ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accumulation and subcellular localization of dopamine (DA) in pancreatic B-cells and its effects on insulin secretion were investigated in mice following a single injection of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (L-DOPA). Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that3H-DA formed from administered3H-DOPA was present over B-cells as well as over other types of islet cells. Pretreatment of the animals with a decarboxylase inhibitor greatly reduced the number of autoradiographic grains. In the B-cells the3H-DA-grains were associated with the secretory granules. The location of the label may suggest an incorporation in the periphery of the β-granule, rather than in the dense core, supposed to contain insulin. Accumulation of DA in the B-cells following L-DOPA administration was found to inhibit partially the insulin secretory response to different insulin secretagogues (glucose, glibenclamide and L-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA)). Treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor + L-DOPA induced an almost total suppression of L-IPNA-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas glucose-induced insulin release was still only partially inhibited. Pretreatment with a decarboxylase inhibitor abolished the effects of L-DOPA. It is suggested that intracellularly accumulated DA in the B-cell exerts an inhibitory action on insulin releasing mechanisms induced by different secretagogues and that this action might involve interference with a calcium translocation process at the level of the secretory granule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 7 (1971), S. 414-422 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: 5-hydroxytryptamine ; 5-hydroxytryptophan ; monoamine oxidase inhibition ; decarboxylase inhibition ; glucose ; glibenclamide ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; alloxan diabetes ; mouse ; blood glucose ; immunoreactive insulin ; tissue glycogen ; hypoglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez la souris normale a été étudiéein vivo la signification fonctionnelle du stockage de 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) dans les cellules β du pancréas pour les mécanismes de la sécrétion d'insuline. Un traitement préalable des animaux avec leL-5-hydroxytryptophane (L-5-HTP) a nettement réduit la capacité de sécrétion d'insuline après stimulation par sulfonylurée. Cette inhibition de la sécrétion d'insuline pouvait être évitée par l'administration préalable d'un inhibiteur de décarboxylation d'acide aminé aromatique. D'un autre côté, le traitement préalable avec la nialamide, inhibiteur de la monoamine oxydase, réduisait la sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par sulfonylurée. Le traitement combiné avec la nialamide et leL-5-HTP n'a pas réduit davantage la réponse de l'insuline. Il a été trouvé que la sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par laL-isopropylnoradrénaline (L-IPNA) se réduisait également aprés l'administration préalable deL-5-HTP ou de nialamide, mais, contrairement à la réponse de l'insuline après sulfonylurée, la sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par l'IPNA pouvait être totalement supprimée par le traitement combiné avec la nialamide ou la pargyline et leL-5-HTP. La sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par le glucose n'était influencée de façon significative par aucun des traitements ci-dessus. Le taux basal d'insuline du plasma n'était pas affecté par l'injection deL-5-HTP et n'était pas réduit de façon certaine par le traitement combiné avec l'inhibiteur de la monamine oxydase et leL-5-HTP. Il a été trouvé que le traitement combiné avec l'inhibiteur de la monoamine oxydase et leL-5-HTP provoquait une hypoglycémie profonde à la fois chez la souris normale et chez la souris diabétique par l'alloxane. L'hypoglycémie était accompagnée d'un épuisement du contenu du glycogène du foie et des muscles. Il était possible d'éviter l'hypoglycémie par un traitement préalable avec un inhibiteur de décarboxylation d'acide aminé aromatique. Un traitement combiné avec la pargyline et la 5-HT a provoqué une nette hyperglycémie. — En conclusion: 1. Le taux intracellulaire de la 5-HT dans les cellulesβ du pancréas a la capacité de modifier les mécanismes de la sécrétion d'insuline. 2. L'action hypoglycémique des inhibiteurs de la monoamine oxydase est provoquée par l'accroissement du taux intracellulaire de 5-HT qui s'accompagne d'une nette augmentation de l'utilisation du glucose par les tissus.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde bei normalen Mäusenin vivo die funktionelle Bedeutung der Speicherung von 5-Hydroxytryptamin (5-HT) in den B-Zellen des Pankreas für die Mechanismen der Insulinsekretion untersucht. Eine Vorbehandlung der Tiere mitL-5 Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) verminderte deutlich die Insulinsekretion nach Stimulation mit Sulfonylharnstoff. Diese Hemmung der Insulinsekretion konnte durch vorherige Behandlung mit einem Hemmer der aromatischen Aminosäurendekarboxylase verhindert werden. Andererseits wurde die durch Sulfonylharnstoff bewirkte Insulinsekretion nach alleiniger Vorbehandlung mit dem Monoamino-oxidasehemmer Nialamid vermindert. Die kombinierte Behandlung mit Nialamid undL-5-HTP hat die Insulinantwort nicht weiter gemindert. Die durchL- Isopropylnoradrenalin (L-IPNA) bewirkte Insulinausschüttung wurde ebenfalls nach einer vorherigen Behandlung mitL-5-HTP oder Nialamid reduziert. Aber im Gegensatz zu der Insulinantwort nach Sulfonylharnstoff konnte die durch IPNA induzierte Insulinausschüttung völlig durch die kombinierte Behandlung mit Nialamid oder Pargylin plusL-5-HTP unterdrückt werden. Die durch Glucose herbeigeführte Insulinausschüttung wurde nicht wesentanimals lich durch eine der oben erwähnten Behandlungen verändert. Die basale Plasmainsulinkonzentration wurde durch dieL-5-HTP-Injektion nicht beeinflußt und war auch nicht wesentlich durch die kombinierte Behandlung mit dem Monoaminooxidasehemmer undL-5-HTP vermindert worden. — Die kombinierte Behandlung mit Monoaminooxidase-Inhibitoren undL-5-HTP erzeugte eine tiefe Hypoglykämie in normalen und alloxandiabetischen Mäusen. Der hypoglykämische Zustand wurde von einem Verschwinden des Leber- und Muskelglykogens begleitet. Die Hypoglykämie konnte durch eine Vorbehandlung mit einem Inhibitor der aromatischen Aminosäuredekarboxilation verhindert werden. Die kombinierte Behandlung mit Pargylin und 5-HT führte zu einer starken Hyperglykämie. — Daraus wurde geschlossen, 1. daß die intrazelluläre Konzentration von 5-HT in den B-Zellen des Pankreas die Fähigkeit besitzt, den Mechanismus der Insulinsekretion zu beeinflussen, 2. daß die hypoglykämische Wirkung der Monoaminooxidase-Inhibitoren durch eine erhöhte intrazelluläre 5-HT-Konzentration erzeugt wird, welche von einer stark erhöhten Glucoseutilisation der Gewebe begleitet wird.
    Notes: Summary The functional significance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) storage in the pancreatic B cells for insulin secreting mechanisms was studied in normal micein vivo. Pretreatment of the animals withL-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) markedly decreased the insulin releasing capacity after sulphonylurea stimulation. This inhibition of insulin release could be abolished by previous administration of an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation. On the other hand, pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor nialamide alone, decreased sulphonylurea-induced insulin release. The combined treatment with nialamide andL-5-HTP did not further decrease the insulin response. Insulin release induced byL-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA) was also found to diminish after previous administration ofL-5-HTP or nialamide; but, unlike the insulin response to sulphonylurea, insulin release induced by IPNA could be totally suppressed by the combined treatment of nialamide or pargyline andL-5-HTP. Insulin release induced by glucose was not significantly influenced with any of the above treatments. Basal levels of plasma insulin were not affected byL-5-HTP injection, and were not consistently diminished by the combined treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor andL-5-HTP. The combined treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors andL-5-HTP was found to elicit a profound hypoglycaemia in both normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. The hypoglycaemic condition was accompanied by exhaustion of liver and muscle glycogen. The hypoglycaemia could be abolished by previous treatment with an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation. Combined treatment with pargyline and 5-HT brought about a marked hyperglycaemia. It is concluded that: 1. intracellular levels of 5-HT in the pancreatic B cells possess the ability to modify insulin secreting mechanisms; and 2. the hypoglycaemic action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is brought about by raised intracellular levels of 5-HT, which is accompanied by a markedly increased glucose utilization by the tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Blood glucose ; glibenclamide ; immunoreactive insulin ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; mouse ; pancreatic islets ; ultrastructure ; vinblastine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of vinblastine in vivo on ultrastructure and insulin releasing capacity of the B-cell was studied in mice. Treatment with vinblastine (1.1 μmole/mouse) resulted in a 75% decrease of the amount of normal microtubules and the appearance of characteristic paracrystals. Basal plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were depressed to about 60% of the control level. The dose-response pattern for insulin release (first phase) following two chemically unrelated insulin secretagogues, the potent sulphonylurea derivative, glibenclamide, and the β-adrenergic agonist L-isopropylnoradrenaline, (L-IPNA), was tested with and without vinblastine pretreatment. The dose-response curves for L-IPNA-induced insulin release in vinblastine-treated and control animals did not deviate significantly from each other, whereas insulin release following glibenclamide was almost totally suppressed by vinblastine except at the lowest dose level. Injection of maximal doses of glibenclamide or L-IPNA did not alter the ultrastructural changes induced by vinblastine in the B-cells. It is suggested that the microtubular system of the B-cell might play a minor role for certain insulin-releasing processes and/or that vinblastine might have other important effects on the insulin secretory machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas (mouse) ; Electron microscopic autoradiography ; Microtubules ; Protein transport ; Vinblastine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of vinblastine on the intracellular transport of newly synthesized protein in the mouse exocrine pancreas in vivo was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography after administration of 3H-leucine. Vinblastine (1.1 μmole/mouse; i.v. injection) was in general given 1 h before radioleucine and 2–4 h before fixation of the pancreas by perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Vinblastine causes the disappearance of microtubules, mainly present in controls in the apical portion of the acinar cell. After injection of vinblastine, zymogen granules form clusters located throughout the cell but often associated with Golgi areas. The latter are enlarged mainly due to the accumulation of small vesicles. In addition, Golgi areas are displaced, most often in an apical direction. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that vinblastine delays the appearance of labeled protein in zymogen granules; even 2 h after injection of radioleucine the majority of silver grains is located over the rough endoplasmic reticulum while very few grains are related to zymogen granules. This finding might be related to the structural changes of the Golgi areas observed. Although intracellular migration of protein is retarded, zymogen granules are formed. However, many of the labeled granules are found in peculiar locations, often distant from the acinar lumen. The present study suggests that vinblastine, possibly due to its effect on microtubules, influences both the formation and the translocation of zymogen granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 441-449 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Noradrenergic nerves ; Terminals ; Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine ; Electron microscopic autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake and distribution of radioactivity in vascular adrenergic nerves in the mouse pancreas following the injection of tritiated 5-hydroxytryptophan was studied by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. Autoradiographic silver grains were found selectively accumulated over axonal profiles. Quantitative analysis revealed a characteristic intraneuronal distribution of the silver grains, most of which probably represent 5-hydroxytryptamine formed by decarboxylation from the labeled precursor. Thus, the grain density over adrenergic nerve terminals, containing a mixed population of vesicles and granules, was about 5 times higher than the grain density recorded over non-terminal axonal parts and at least 20 times higher than the grain density found over surrounding adventitial tissue and smooth muscle cells. This was interpreted as an evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine was taken up and stored in adrenergic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 73-85 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insulin release ; Adrenergic receptors ; Stereospecificity ; Adrenergic innervation ; Electron microscopic autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An investigation of the stereospecificity of β-adrenergic insulin release, its relation to α-adrenergic blockade and the adrenergic innervation of the pancreatic islets was performed in the mouse. It was observed that in vivo β-adrenergic stimulation of insulin release by isopropylnoradrenaline was stereospecific for the L-stereoisomer and selectively blocked by the L-isomer of the β-adrenergic antagonist L-propranolol. D-propranolol had no effect. Pretreatment of mice with a dose of D-isopropylnoradrenaline devoid of insulin releasing activity, slightly increased the subsequent insulin response to a halfmaximal dose of L-isopropylnoradrenaline. Basal insulin secretion was blocked by L-propranolol (β-adrenergic blockade) and increased by phentolamine (α-adrenergic blockade). A β-blocked insulin response to L-isopropyl-noradrenaline could be overcome by α-adrenergic blockade depending on the dose of the β-agonist, suggesting a close association between the adrenergic receptors. The adrenergic innervation of the islet cells was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography after injection of 3H-L-noradrenaline. It was observed that labelled adrenergic nerve terminals were associated with both A1(D-), A2 and B-cells. The nerves were mainly distributed in the periphery of the islets either as single axons or as bundles. The majority of the terminals were associated with A2-cells, the most frequent cell type in the islet periphery. However, in all islets examined terminals were found close to B-cells. Adrenergic terminals often caused indentations in the contour of an islet cell and were separated from the islet cell membrane only by a narrow intercellular space, about 20 nm in width. It is concluded that the islet cells of the mouse are equipped with the morphological substrate for direct adrenergic regulation. Further it is suggested that the B-cell is supplied with L-stereospecific β-adrenergic receptors and that the α- and β-adrenergic receptors are at least partially interrelated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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