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  • Guinea pig  (5)
  • Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI)  (2)
  • Key words Sleep medicine  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 46 (1998), S. 958-968 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schlafmedizin ; Polysomnographie ; Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen ; Obstruktive Schlafapnoe ; Terminologie ; Key words Sleep medicine ; Polysomnography ; Sleep disordered breathing ; Obstructive sleep ; Apnea ; Terminology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary ENT specialists are now being asked for help by increasing numbers of snoring patients who complain about nocturnal apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness. A final diagnosis is often made in a sleep disorders center. Sleep medicine has emerged as a new interdisciplinary specialty during the last decade, although otorhinolaryngologists commonly are unable to fully interpret clinical findings. This report discusses the terms and information often detailed at a sleep disorders center. The evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is explained.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Praxis tätige HNO-Ärzte werden immer häufiger von schnarchenden Patienten, die über Tagesmüdigkeit und nächtliche Atempausen klagen, aufgesucht: In vielen Fällen erfolgt die endgültige Abklärung in einem Schlafmedizinischen Zentrum. Da das junge Fach der Schlafmedizin per se einen interdisziplinären Charakter trägt, sind die dort erhobenen Befunde nicht primär von jedem niedergelassenen Kollegen vollständig interpretierbar. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die in einem schlafmedizinischen Brief enthaltenen Begriffe und Informationen zu erklären und die damit verbundenen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen zu werten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 47 (1999), S. 226-235 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schlafmedizin ; Obstruktives Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom ; Operative Therapie ; Key words Sleep medicine ; Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ; Surgical therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Before the invention of CPAP therapy, the only effective surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was tracheotomy. Now, surgical approaches mainly focus on two anatomical sites. Each procedure influences either the retropalatal or retrolingual portion of the pharynx. They might be applied individually, synchronously with other procedures, or sequentially with other therapeutic devices. Common methods of velar surgery include uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), Laser-assisted uvuloplasty (LAUP), radiofrequency or uvulaflap. These techniques are indicated mainly in patients with mild OSAS. Other procedures focus on the posterior airway space (PAS), including operations that reduce the volume of the tongue or base of tongue. In selected patients, an enlargement of the retrolingual airway is gained by osteosynthetic techniques. Improvement of the nasal airway passage is gained by performing a septoplasty and/or conchotomy. In this paper, the different methods and their indications for surgical therapy will be explained and the results are summarized.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vor der Entwicklung der ersten CPAP-Geräte war die Tracheotomie die einzig effektive Therapieform des OSAS. Heutige Operationsverfahren beeinflussen vor allem 2 Regionen des Pharynxschlauchs: zum einen das velare Segment, zum anderen die Region des Zungengrundes. Je nach anatomischen Voraussetzungen werden sie einzeln oder mit anderen Methoden kombiniert angewendet. Übliche Verfahren der Weichgaumenchirurgie sind UPPP, LAUP, interstitielle Hyperthermiebehandlung oder Uvulaflap. Diese Techniken sind vor allem bei Patienten mit leichtem und mittelgradigem OSAS indiziert. Andere Verfahren haben die Vergrößerung des retrolingualen Raums, des sog. posterior airway space (PAS), zum Ziel. Hierzu zählen Methoden zur Reduktion des Zungengrundes, zur Verkleinerung der Zunge, oder zur Vorverlagerung des Zungengrundes, weiterhin auch osteosynthetische Verfahren zur Vorverlagerung des Ober- und/oder Unterkiefers. Eine Verbesserung der Nasenluftpassage wird durch Naseneingangsplastik, Septumplastik und/oder Muschelkappung erzielt. Sie werden meist adjuvant eingesetzt. Im folgenden sollen die unterschiedlichen Methoden mit ihren Indikationen erläutert und die Ergebnisse zusammengefaßt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Calcium antagonists ; Calcium channel blocker ; Cochlea ; Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) ; Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) ; Hair cells ; Signal transduction ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Calcium ions were precipitated with potassium antimonate after injection of the inorganic calcium channel blocker MnCl2 or the inorganic potassium channel blockers BaCl2 or CsCl into the perilymph of the scala vestibuli of the guinea pig. The spatial distribution of the formed histochemical reaction products within the organ of Corti was studied by energy-filtering transmission-electron microscopy. Compared with untreated control ears, the number of the formed precipitates drastically increased at the extracellular side of the lamina reticularis after application of the various inorganic channel blockers. The apical side of the outer hair cells and the intervening Deiter cells were covered by a thick layer of calcium precipitates, whereas the number of histochemical reaction products was clearly reduced in the nearby acellular tectorial membrane. The high calcium content within the formed reaction products at the lamina reticularis could be demonstrated by elemental mapping and by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. To ascertain the alterations in the amounts of the calcium precipitates within the tectorial membrane after application of the various inorganic channel blockers, the precipitate densities were determined semiquantitatively by an image processing system and the values obtained compared with those of untreated control specimens. The observed histochemical results are in good agreement with published electrophysiological findings concerning the spatial distribution of ion channels located at the apical outer hair cell membrane. The detected alterations in the spatial distribution of calcium precipitates might correspond to calcium-dependent processes involved in outer hair cell modulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cochlea hair cells ; Calcium antagonist ; Diltiazem ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After oral administration of the organic calcium channel blocker diltiazem to guinea pigs for 7 days, calcium ions were precipitated with potassium antimonate in the cochleae. The spatial distribution of the precipitates was studied by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy and the amount of the ultrastructural reaction products formed was determined semiquantitatively by an image processing system. Compared with untreated control ears, the number of the formed precipitates was reduced drastically in the inner hair cells after diltiazem treatment. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed that the number of calcium precipitates attached at the basolateral membrane of the outer hair cells was clearly reduced when compared with untreated control specimens. A large number of histochemical reaction products could be identified in the basilar membrane and were also observed in the untreated control specimens. The spatial distribution of the calcium precipitates in the lamina reticularis was not affected by diltiazem treatment and calcium precipitates could be identified within different cell membranes. The technique used was considered to be helpful for identifying calcium channels ultrastructurally in intact undissected tissues and to support light microscopic analyses and patch-clamp electrophysiological measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 176-180 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Guinea pig ; Ultracytochemistry ; Inner ear ; Ca2+-ATPase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of Ca2+-ATPase in the inner ear of the guinea pig was studied ultracytochemically by the lead citrate reaction. The electron-dense reaction products as an expression of Ca2+-ATPase activity were localized in endolymphatic cells of Reissner's membrane, in outer and inner hair cells and in some supporting cells. The main finding was the difference in the localization of Ca2+-ATPase in outer and inner hair cells. In the latter cells the activity sites were mainly intracellular and in apical membrane specializations, whereas in the outer hair cells the enzyme was localized in the apical membrane specializations and the basolateral plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 255 (1998), S. 340-346 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Cochlear melanin ; Calcium distribution ; Stria vascularis ; Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) ; Element mapping ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) was used to analyze the element content of melanin granules in the stria vascularis seen in ultrathin sections of Spurr-embedded cochleae of the guinea pig. To determine element composition, ESI images were taken at different ionization edges, and non-specific background signals were subtracted digitally by an image processing system. The presence of calcium and nitrogen in the melanin granules could be demonstrated clearly. The calcium identified in the melanin granules was then compared with the spatial distributions of calcium binding sites after the application of an antimonate precipitation method, which was used to localize loosely bound calcium. Despite a high calcium concentration within the granules, only very small single scattered calcium precipitates could be detected between these structures as compared with the amount of calcium precipitates attached to the plasma membrane or located within the cell nuclei. The nearly complete absence of precipitates within the melanin granules after the application of antimonate suggests differences in calcium binding and mobility involved in various physiological processes of ion balance regulation within the stria vascularis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 248 (1991), S. 242-245 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Calcium-binding sites ; Inner ear ; Stimulation ; dependent changes ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five guinea pigs were exposed to an interrupted 90 dB SPL pure tone of 3.2 kHz for a total application time of 5 min. Following sound application all animals were decapitated and the cochleae were removed. After that, calcium-binding sites were located by the potassium pyroantimonate precipitation method. Another three animals served as control animals and did not receive the sound treatment. Findings confirmed previous studies showing the spatial arrangements of precipitate rich regions in the inner ear's two acellular structures (the basilar membrane and tectorial membrane) and the two cellular structures (the inner hair cells and Huschke's teeth). By using semiquantitative evaluation we found a relative diminution of precipitable calcium in inner hair cells and in Huschke's teeth of sound-exposed animals when compared to untreated animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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