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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal endophyte-infected grasses: Alkaloid accumulation and aphid response (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3301-3315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Endophyte-infected grasses ; Acremonium ; endophytes ; Epichloe typhina ; grass alkaloids ; lolines ; ergovaline ; peramine ; lolitrem B ; aphid responses ; plant resistance to herbivory ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Schizaphis graminum ; Homoptera ; Aphididae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of the alkaloidsN-formyl andN-acetyl loline, peramine, lolitrem B, and ergovaline and the response of aphids to plants containing these compounds were determined in species and cultivars ofFestuca,Lolium, and other grass genera infected with fungal endophytes (Acremonium spp., andEpichloe typhina). Twenty-nine of 34 host-fungus associations produced one or more of the alkaloids, most frequently peramine or ergovaline. Three alkaloids (lolines, peramine, and ergovaline) were found in tall fescue and in perennial ryegrass infected withA. coenophialum, while peramine, lolitrem B, and ergovaline were present in perennial ryegrass and in tall fescue infected withA. lolii and inF. longifolia infected withE. typhina. WhileA. coenophialum andA. lolii produced similar patterns of alkaloids regardless of the species or cultivar of grass they infected, isolates ofE. typhina produced either no alkaloids or only one or two different alkaloids in the grasses tested. Aphid bioassays indicated thatRhopalosiphum padi andSchizaphis graminum did not survive on grasses containing loline alkaloids and thatS. graminum did not survive on peramine-containing grasses. Ergovaline-containing grasses did not affect either aphid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982100
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different Levels of Protective Alkaloids in Grasses with Stroma-forming and Seed-transmitted Epichloë/Neotyphodium Endophytes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 1025-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mutualistic symbiosis ; herbivory ; peramine ; loline ; ergovaline ; Epichloë ; Neotyphodium ; European grasses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The three alkaloid groups—lolines, ergopeptides, and peramine— are typically associated with endophyte infection of grasses, with the main function to protect hosts against herbivores. We determined levels of N-formylloline, N-acetylloline, ergovaline, and peramine in 18 European grasses naturally infected with seed-transmitted Neotyphodium endophytes or sexual Epichloë species. Peramine was the most common alkaloid, whereas lolines and ergovaline were only detected in Festuca hosts infected with E. festucae, N. coenophialum, or N. uncinatum. Only ten of the grass species analyzed contained detectable amounts of one or more of these alkaloids. There was a clear tendency for plants associated with stroma-forming Epichloë species to be free of alkaloids, and those that did produce alkaloids contained only small levels of peramine. In contrast, plants infected with seed-transmitted Neotyphodium endophytes often contained extremely high levels of lolines. Lolines enhance host survival through increased protection from herbivores and, thus, may be particularly favored in asexual endophytes that depend on host seed-production for their dispersal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005489032025
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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