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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Energy metabolism  (2)
  • Sympathetic system  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary orthostatic hypotension ; Sympathetic system ; Adrenoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated sympathetic nervous system function in a patient with primary orthostatic hypotension. Plasma catecholamine levels — ecept for dopamine levels — and urinary catecholamine excretion were decreased, alpha-adrenoreceptor responsiveness to noradrenaline and beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness to isoproterenol were increased according to increased beta-2-adrenoreceptor density on intact polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Alpha-2-adrenoreceptor density on intact platelets and adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, however, were unchanged. We evolved a therapeutic regimen with fludrocortisone, propranolol, and dihydroergotamine that allowed the patient to resume nearly a regular degree of mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bicycle exercise ; Treadmill exercise ; Plasma catecholamines ; Energy metabolism ; Aercbic / anaerobic capacity ; Fahrradergometrie ; Laufbandergometrie ; Plasmacatecholamine ; Energiestoffwechsel ; aerob-anaerobe Kapazität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 6 gesunden männlichen Probanden (28,0±2,6 Jahre) wurden Adrenalin, Noradrenalin, Glucose, Lactat, Freie Fettsäuren und Glycerin im Blut, sowie die Herzfrequenz und Sauerstoffaufnahme vor, während und nach einer stufenweise ansteigenden Laufbandergometrie (LBE) und Fahrradergometrie (FE) bestimmt. Adrenalin, Noradrenalin, die energiereichen Substrate und die Sauerstoffaufnahme unterscheiden sich während der LBE und FE auf submaximalen Stufen nicht, bei maximaler FE ist Noradrenalin 27% (0,10〉p〉0,05 höher, die Herzfrequenz ist 6% (p〈0,05), die Sauerstoffaufnahme 4% (p〉0,05), der Glycerinspiegel 25% (0,10〉p〉0,05) niedriger. Die Tendenz zur höheren Noradrenalinfreisetzung während der FE kann durch die größere statisch-pressorische Beanspruchung gegenüber einer dynamisch zirkulatorischen während der LBE bedingt sein. Die verstärkte Alpha-Rezeptoren-Stimulation führt zu einem negativ chronotropen Effekt, als dessen Ursache eine Barorezeptorenerregung anzunehmen ist. Die LBE bedingt eine höhere Zirkulation und eine günstigere Sauerstoffversorgung der Arbeitsmuskulatur und bevorzugte Fettoxidation, kenntlich am schnelleren Anstieg des Glycerinspiegels (0,10〉p〉0,05). Beide Ergometrieformen sind bezüglich der Arbeitsazidose — wenn auch bei der LBE die Tendenz zu einer geringeren Lactatproduction auf submaximalen Stufen besteht —, der Sauerstoffaufnahmefähigkeit, der energieliefernden Substrate und des Catecholaminverhaltens miteinander vergleichbar; eine Verfälschung tritt nur ein, wenn die Plasmacatecholamine und der Lactatspiegel auf die Herzfrequenz bezogen werden, da diese von der Art der Belastungsform mitbestimmt wird.
    Notes: Summary Adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and glycerine in blood, as well as heart frequency and oxygen intake were examined in 6 healthy male subjects (28±2.6 years) before, during and after a graduated treadmill (TME) and bicycle ergometer (BE) test. Adrenaline, noradrenaline, the energy supplying substrates, and the oxygen-intake show no differences during TME and BE at given submaximal levels. Noradrenaline is 27% (0.10〈p〈0.05) higher, pulse rate is 6% (p〈0.05) lower, oxygen intake 4% (〉0.05) lower, and the glycerine level 25% (0.10〈p〈0.05) lower during maximal BE exercise. The tendency toward a higher noradrenaline release during BE exercise can be influenced by a greater static-pressuric stress opposed to a dynamic-circulatory stress during TME testing. An increased alphareceptor stimulation leads to a negative chronotropic effect, whose cause is assumed to be a baroreceptor stimulation. The TME induces a higher circulation and a more economic oxygen supplying of the muscles exercised, as well as a favourable fat oxidation, which is recognizable by a more rapid increase of glycerine (0.10〈p〈0.05). When referring to exercise acidification (a tendency toward a lower lactate production during submaximal TME testing shows here), oxygen intake capability, energy supplying substrates, and the catecholamines, both forms of ergometer testing are comparable one to another; a falsification appears only when plasma catecholamines and lactate levels are based on the heart frequency, as it is influenced by the form of exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Sympathetic system ; Endurance training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six male non-endurance trained subjects (S) and six marathon runners (M) underwentgraded treadmill exercise (T) andisoproterenol stimulation (I; 2 and 4 Μg·min−1),β-adrenergic receptor density was additionally determined as the amount of3H-Dihydroalprenolol (DHA) specifically bound on intact polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Heart rate, $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ uptake, lactate, plasma noradrenaline, and adrenaline were estimated during T. Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, as well as lactate, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and glycerol levels in the blood were determined during I. M showed the known training-dependent responses during T, such as lower heart rates, lactate levels, and plasma catecholamines at identical work loads, as well as higher $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} {\text{max}}}$$ than S. I-induced cardiac output increase was quite similar in both groups. Stroke volume, however, increased significantly in M and stayed constant in S. Lactate decreased (S), glucose increased significantly (M), glycerol increased similarly in both groups, FFA rise was less marked in S. I-induced stroke volume response (I) may be indicative of a more economic regulation of heart work in M than S. Lactate decrease and less marked FFA increase, as observed in S, may be the result of a somewhat higher cardiac energy demand, dependent on less economic heart work. Higher DHA-binding as observed in M, as well as stroke volume response and glucose increase, may be indicators of a training-dependent rise in sensitivity to catecholamines. The unsolved question is, however, to what extentβ-receptor responses in intact blood cells are significant for receptor behavior in other organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Training ; Overtraining ; Catecholamines ; Lipids ; Energy metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of an increase in training volume (ITV; February 1989) vs intensity (ITI; February 1990) on performance, catecholamines, energy metabolism and serum lipids was examined in two studies on eight, and nine experienced middle- or long-distance runners; seven participated in both studies. During ITV, mean training volume was doubled from 85.9 km · week−1 (pretrial phase) to 174.6 km within 3 weeks. Some 96%–98% of the training was performed at 67 (SD 8)% of maximal performance. During ITI, speed-endurance, high-speed and interval runs increased within 3 weeks from 9 km · week−1 (pretrial phase) to 22.7 km · week−1 and the total training distance from 61.6 to 84.7 km · week−1. The ITV resulted in stagnation of running velocity at 4 mmol lactate concentration and a decrease in total running distance in the increment test. Heart rate, energy metabolic parameters, nocturnal urinary catecholamine excretion, low density, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly; the exercise-related catecholamine plasma concentrations increased at an identical exercise intensity. The ITI produced an improvement in running velocity at 4 mmol lactate concentration and in total running distance in the increment test; heart rate, energy metabolic parameters, nocturnal catecholamine excretion, and serum lipids remained nearly constant, and the exercise-related plasma catecholamine concentrations decreased at an identical exercise intensity. The ITV-related changes in metabolism and catecholamines may have indicated an exhaustion syndrome in the majority of the athletes examined but this hypothesis has to be proven by future experimental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Investigations over the years have shown that the mirror-finished Al2O3 ceramic is a much more suitable frictional counterpart to ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene than metal. Despite the extremely great hardness difference between polyethylene and Al2O3 ceramic, a considerable lower wear rate is obtained for the polyethylene socket with this new low-friction material combination. The unexpectedly favorable tribological behavior of this ceramic material in contact with polyethylene may be attributed to the following factors: better values for corrosion resistance characteristics, wettability with liquids, surface gloss, hardness, and scratch resistance of the ceramic material in comparison with those of the hitherto used metallic implant materials (AISI-316L steel or cast Co—Cr—Mo alloy). It appears that, by using this new combination of materials for the socket and the ball, it will be possible to prolong the service life of artificial hip joints considerably without having to effect any fundamental changes in the present design and implantation principle retaining the hitherto used anchorage shaft made of wrought Co—Ni—Cr—Mo—Ti alloy Protasul-10 of extremely high corrosion fatigue strength.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 37 (1986), S. 655-657 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 19-22 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Crosslinking of novolac fibres was studied by means of plasma etching in connection with light and scanning electron microscopy. With proceeding crosslinking by formaldehyde from the outer skin to the inner of the fibre a highly cross-linked shell of not more than 10 to 13 μm thickness was formed after about 8 h crosslinking time. On the other hand, more porous networks of modified novolacs permit a rapid and complete crosslinking of the fibres.
    Notes: Mittels Plasmaätzung in Verbindung mit Licht- und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie wurde der Vernetzungsverlauf von Phenolharznovolakfasern verfolgt. Bei der von außen nach innen fortschreitenden Vernetzung mit Formaldehyd bildet sich im Zeitraum von etwa 8 h eine 10 bis 13 μm dicke Schicht aus, deren Netzwerkdichte eine weitere Vernetzung des Faserinneren verhindert. Weitmaschiger aufgebaute Netzwerke modifizierter Ausgangsnovolake hingegen lassen eine schnelle und vollständige Durchvernetzung der Fasern zu.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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