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  • Engineering  (3)
  • Glutamic acid decarboxylase  (2)
  • Layered manufacturing  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 14 (1998), S. 644-650 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Error interaction ; Error transfer ; Geometrical error ; Layered manufacturing ; Mathematical model ; Rapid prototyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Layered manufacturing based rapid prototyping processes are subjected to not only a staircase effect owing to the approximating process used, but also an accumulated error transfer between layers. Certain types of error such as surface tilting and layer thickness variations that occur in one layer can transfer to other layers above it. This paper describes a mathematical model based on the physical and geometrical models discussed in Part 1 of the paper. The model uses the matrix transformation method to analyse the effect of transformation of local errors to the multiple layer global errors. A data preparation error transformation matrix is used to describe the error interactions between layers during the data preparation stage. A disturbance error transformation matrix is used to describe the error interaction within each layer and error propagation between layers during the part building process. This model describes geometrical error analysis involving profiling error, layer inclination and layer thickness variations. Numerical evaluation of the model is carried out for a typical benchmark component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Recent-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; Insulitis ; Islet cell macrophages ; Glutamic acid decarboxylase ; Islet destruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms by which the beta cells of pancreatic islets are destroyed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are poorly understood. In this report the pancreatic histo- and immunopathology of two children, both HLA-DR 3/4, DQ 2/8 positive and who both died from cerebral oedema within a day of clinical diagnosis of IDDM, were investigated. Patient 1, a 14-month-old girl, had a 4-week history of polydipsia and polyuria. Patient 2, a 3-year-old boy, had 2 days of illness. Both patients had a similarly severe loss of insulin cells but differed markedly as to the extent of lymphocytic islet infiltration (insulitis). Apart from insulitis, marked islet macrophage infiltration was demonstrated in both patients with the HAM-56 monoclonal antibody. Neither patient showed aberrant expression of HLA class II antigens on insulin-immunoreactive cells, but allele-specific HLA-DQ8 expression was evident on endothelial cells. Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity was detected in both insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells. It is concluded that the heterogeneity of islet pathology, especially insulitis, may reflect different dynamics and extent rather than different pathomechanisms of immune destruction of islets in IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glutamic acid decarboxylase ; receiver-operating characteristic plot ; diagnostic accuracy ; islet cell antibodies ; autoimmunity ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with autoreactivity against GAD but the diagnostic sensitivity (positivity in disease) and specificity (negativity in health) of isoform-specific GAD antibodies have yet to be defined in assay systems suitable for screening large number of samples. One set of IDDM patient (n=10) and control (n=50) standard sera were used to develop quantitative antibody assays with in vitro synthesized recombinant 35S-methionine-labelled GAD65 and GAD67, respectively, and protein A-Sepharose to separate free from antibody-bound ligand. Binding levels were not normally distributed (p〈0.0001) and therefore, the diagnostic accuracy of GAD antibodies was analysed by the ROC plots in population-based, consecutively-diagnosed, recent onset, 0–14 year-old patients (n=105), and matched, healthy control subjects (n=157). The ROC plots showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of GAD65 antibodies was 77% and the specificity 92% compared with 8% and 98%, respectively for GAD67 antibodies. In the IDDM sera, GAD65 and GAD67 antibodies were concordant in 7% (6 of 81) and GAD65 antibodies and ICA in 89% (72 of 81) without a correlation between the autoantibody levels. Autoantibodies to recombinant human islet GAD65 are specific and sensitive markers for childhood IDDM in this immunoassay with in vitro synthesized 35S-methioninelabelled recombinant GAD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 14 (1998), S. 637-643 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Error assessment ; Error interaction ; Error transfer process ; Geometrical model ; Layered manufacturing ; Rapid prototyping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Geometric accuracy of components is one of the most important quality characteristics in layered manufacturing processes on which most rapid prototyping (RP) techniques are based. Layered manufacturing is an approximate fabricating process in which the final geometric error of the physical part is affected, not only by the approximation technique used, but also by the fabrication process. Errors that occur in one layer could propagate and transfer to other layers causing an accumulated error effect in the process. In this paper, a concept of disturbance error is introduced to describe the effect of accumulated errors in the fabrication process. A physical model is presented to describe error interactions and error transfer mechanisms in the layered manufacturing process. A geometrical model is developed using surface approximation techniques to describe the relationships of the geometrical errors. It is shown that although the complexity of the part geometry is not directly related to the manufacturing process, it will affect the geometrical errors of the part produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 857-868 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: adaptive analysis ; error estimate ; mesh refinement ; finite elements ; plate bending ; computations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new mesh refinement formulation for h-adaptive solutions of linear elliptic problems is presented. The reliability of the methods employed for estimating errors and the convergence rate of the errors during an adaptive process are investigated by means of an asymptotic analysis method. The present adaptive mesh refinement strategy significantly improves adaptivity performance and has higher error convergence rates than those usually used. Numerical examples are shown to illustrate the efficiency of the method shown.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 8 (1992), S. 17-26 
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper addresses the problem of plate modelling within the framework of the h-p-version of the finite-element method. A natural hierarchy of models is constructed. The lowest member of the hierarchy is the well-known Reissner-Mindlin model. It is shown that higher degree elements do not show any locking effects for the models under consideration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 8 (1992), S. 211-217 
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper shows that the well-known Reissner-Mindlin plate model for the clamped-in boundary condition does not capture the boundary layer behaviour for the bending moments. This boundary layer is present in 3-D formulation. In contrast the proposed (1,1,2) model shows this boundary layer. The strength of the boundary layer for the (1,1,2) model is analysed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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