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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (22)
  • Engineering  (2)
  • Phthalocyanines  (2)
  • 11
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The time-resolved fluorescence behavior of polystyrene and a series of styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers has been examined by using pulsed laser excitation. Although the photophysical characteristics of styrene- and naphthalene-containing polymers may be described by the same general kinetic scheme, some differences in the nature of the photophysical interactions are apparent. Umambiguous evidence for the occurrence of excimer dissociation into excited-state monomer in polymers incorporating styrene chromophores is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The use of pulsed laser excitation upon a series of 1-vinylnaphthalene/methyl methacrylate co-polymers in which the intramolecular chromophore concentration is varied over a wide composition range has allowed the individual rate constants governing intramolecular excimer formation to be determined at various temperatures between 205 and 295 K. Triple exponential functions are necessary for adequate description of the photophysical kinetics over the entire temperature range. It is proposed that the kinetic and temperature behavior is consistent with a kinetic scheme involving two kinetically distinct monomeric species and an excimer in which energy may be transferred from the second monomer M*2 to the first monomer M*1 which can interact with the excimer by a conventional migration mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1499-1505 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus is described which enables the rapid recording of time-resolved emission spectra on a nanosecond time scale. The instrument permits detailed study of the time-dependent photo-physical processes occurring in many polymer systems. The technique has been used to investigate the kinetics of excimer formation in methylene chloride solutions of polystyrene and poly(1-vinyl-naphthalene). Unambiguous evidence for excimer dissociation is observed in poly(1-vinylnaphthalene) but the process appears unimportant in solutions of polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 1137-1150 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Aminophthalic acid has been polymerized in almost quantitative yield to low molecular weight polymer by electrochemical initiation at a platinum anode. Systems involving the acid, amine salt, and the ammonium salt have been explored; the acid and/or the amine salt of the acid provides the best means of obtaining polymer. Maximum molecular weight is attained in a very short time at low current densities (∼2 hr at 50 mA). Thermogravimetric data indicate a temperature stability comparable to polyamide-imide polymers (400°C). Long reaction times and high current densities decrease molecular weight and polymer yield.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 1151-1156 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical polymerization of the amino phthalic acid series has been extended to the following derivatives: 4-(4′-aminobenzamido), 4-(2′-aminobenzoyl), and 4-(3′-aminobenzoyl)phthalic acid. Reactions were performed in both dimethylacetamide and ethanol. Both systems produced a film deposit at the anode which was identified as the amide acid of the starting material. Conversion by heat to the imide produced a brittle coating. Inherent viscosity measurements indicate that only low molecular weight material was formed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1563-1571 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of a program to extend the range of donor-acceptor-initiated polymerization processes, the electroinitiation of 2-vinylnaphthalene in a zinc chloride-sulfolane solution has been studied. Good conversion yields of well-characterized (NMR, IR, GPC, elemental analysis) poly(vinylnaphthalene) were obtained with the process showing several mechanistic similarities to other donor-acceptor salt electropolymerization systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 1555-1562 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemically initiated polymerization of styrene in methylene chloride solvent with the use of platinum electrodes and tetraalkyl and -aryl group VA halides (i.e., quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and arsonium compounds) as electrolyte has been investigated. The order of reactivity of the electrolytes with respect to polymerization rate and initiation efficiency was found to be: arsonium 〉 phosphonium 〉 ammonium. Mechanisms involving the electroreduction of the group VA quaternary halides to species capable of electroinitiating polymerization are postulated. The observed losses in solution conductivities during polymerization with the quaternary phosphonium and arsonium electrolytes indicate possible interaction between the initiating radical-ionic species and the supporting electrolyte. In an attempt to further elucidate the mechanism of initiation in these systems, a separate series of experiments, employing the nonpolymerizing monomer, 1,1-diphenylethylene, has been carried out.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1153-1161 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To elucidate mechanisms in electroinitiated polymerization reactions a comparison was conducted between ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiation and electroinitiation of N-vinyl phthalimide with zinc chloride as a catalyst. Both methods give low yields of a complex polymer product. A detailed analysis, infrared (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), elemental, and molecular weight, conducted on the polymeric products, indicated that phthalimide ring opening was occurring and that complex mixtures of poly(N-vinyl phthalimide) derivatives were formed. Both initiation methods gave comparable results, which further indicated mechanistic similarity between photo-and electroinitiation in these donor-acceptor charge transfer polymerizations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 3253-3265 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative analysis of photoinitiation and electroinitiation can help elucidate initiation processes in donor-acceptor charge-transfer copolymerization. The technique has been applied to the zinc bromide-catalyzed copolymerization of styrene and diethyl fumarate in methanol. The photocopolymer product was analyzed by GPC, NMR, and elemental analysis. The results showed that 1:1 copolymers were formed initially, but changes occurred in both the kinetics and products after the early stages of the reaction. Significant correlations found between the two initiation methods included the initial kinetic order with respect to the initiating process and the effect on product yield of equivalent increases in total initiation energy. The limiting value of zinc bromide for both initiation methods was found to be the same. The data obtained support the contention that the copolymerization proceeds through a donor-acceptor process and that photoactivation of the preformed complex, inducing electron transfer, is a likely initiation process.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 3267-3277 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroinitiated preparation of equimolar copolymers of styrene and diethyl fumarate is described. The reaction medium consisted of these monomers dissolved in a methanol-zinc bromide solution. Rates of polymerization increased with increasing applied current and the copolymer yield increased linearly with the total number of Faradays transferred. The copolymer composition is 1:1 and is essentially invariant with the degree of conversion (〈15%), electroinitiation rate, and monomer feed ratios. A reaction mechanism involving donor-acceptor complexes and electroinitiated excitation of these complexes at the electrode is postulated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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