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  • Engineering General  (3)
  • Key words Sex differences  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex differences in development of morphine tolerance and dependence in the rat (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 143 (1999), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Sex differences ; Analgesia ; Morphine ; Tolerance ; Dependence ; Gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Rationale: Several investigators have shown that male rodents are more sensitive than females to morphine’s antinociceptive effects. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine whether this sex difference is stable after chronic morphine treatment. Results: Acutely administered morphine produced significantly greater hotplate and tail withdrawal antinociception in males than in females. In contrast, there were no sex differences in morphine’s hotplate or tail withdrawal effects under repeated (1-week interval) dosing conditions. In a separate group of rats, after 2 weeks of twice-daily morphine treatment (10–20 mg/kg per injection), the ED50 for morphine’s antinociceptive effects increased approximately 6.9-fold in males versus only 3.7-fold in females; chronic morphine treatment also disrupted the estrous cycle of females. In a separate group of rats treated with 10 mg/kg morphine twice daily for 5 days, treatment with naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) on day 6 produced greater withdrawal scores in males than in females. Conclusions: These experiments demonstrate sex differences in development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050911
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of a numerical model of heat and mass transfer in unsaturated soil to the simulation of laboratory-based experiments (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical model of coupled heat and mass transfer in unsaturated soil, recently proposed by the authors, is used to simulate a laboratory-based experimental test. The modelling approach adopted is based on the use of the capillary potential and the temperature as independent variables. The experimental results have recently been presented in the literature by other workers. Very good correlations are obtained of both steady-state values of variables and the times required to reach steady-state conditions. The results achieved lend confidence to the numerical modelling approach proposed and extend the range of applications of the model hitherto achieved to that of a further generic soil type, namely a silt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640090202
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-linear, two-dimensional, potential-based analysis of coupled heat and mass transfer in a porous medium (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 3707-3722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The subject of this paper is the non-linear analysis of coupled heat and mass transfer in a porous medium, using a potential-based model of the phenomenon. The work presented describes an extension of the previous work of the authors, to two-dimensional applications. Problems of greater complexity and engineering significance can hence be solved.Two applications are considered. Results from the first example, a straightforward test case, serve to highlight a number of aspects of coupled heat and mass flow. Furthermore, the problem is used to establish the validity of the numerical solution by comparisons of the results with an independent solution algorithm.The second example consists of the assessment of the ability of the formulation to describe experimentally observed behaviour by means of the simulation of laboratory experimental work. Very good correlation is obtained between numerical and experimental results. Confidence is thus gained in the theoretical basis of the work.Overall it may be concluded that the approach proposed is capable of describing coupled heat and mass transfer in porous materials.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620372108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupled heat and mass transfer in unsaturated soil - a potential-based solution (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 16 (1992), S. 757-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: An analysis of coupled heat and moisture movement in unsaturated soil in terms of the fundamental potentials for flow is examined. The approach adopted is based on the assumption that the total potential for liquid flow consists of two components, the elevation and the capillary potential. The fundamental potentials employed in the work are, therefore, temperature and capillary potential.The full theoretical formulation of the problem is presented, together with full details of the solution algorithm employed. Spatial discretization is achieved via the use of the finite element method, with the time-varying behaviour described by a finite difference technique. Soil parameter variations as functions of both temperature and moisture content are included in a one-dimensional approach.The work is applied to a practical engineering problem, namely heat and mass transfer in the upper layers of a soil stratum. This problem is of importance to the utilities, since many services are buried in this zone. Material parameters obtained from an associated programme of experimental work are employed. Moisture content and temperature profiles indicating the extent and rate of penetration of drying and heating fronts are produced.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610161005
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