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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 892-894 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Open cholecystectomy ; Conversion ; Males ; Females
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Based on a clinical observation that the conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) is higher in males, we decided to review our records and to verify whether a significant difference in conversion rates exists between sexes. Methods: A retrospective study on conversion rates of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) into open cholecystectomy (LC) in relation to gender was carried out in 329 patients: 267 females and 62 males. Results: Our data revealed that the probability of conversion is fivefold greater in males than females, 21% vs 4.5%, respectively (p=0.0001). We attribute this striking difference to significantly more adhesions (p=0.0002) and anatomical difficulties (p=0.003) in males during LC, leading to conversion. Conclusions: We conclude that conversion of LC to OC is more prevalent among males and is probably attributable to a greater incidence of anatomical difficulties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 9 (1995), S. 280-282 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Open cholecystectomy ; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Serum C-reactive protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to quantify the difference in tissue damage between open cholecystectomy (OC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), we have compared in a prospective manner the pre- and postoperative concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in 17 patients undergoing LC and 13 patients undergoing OC. In addition, we measured the pre- and postoperative white blood cell counts (WBC), the postoperative body temperature, and the postoperative duration of hospitalization. There were no differences in the preoperative serum CRP concentrations—5.9±2.62 mg/l (mean±SD) for the LC group and 6.12±2.38 mg/l for the OC group. Serum CRP rose markedly following OC compared to that of patients who underwent LC (128.6±45.1 mg/l vs 26.8±10.5 mg/l) (P〈0.001). There were also significant differences in the postoperative WBC count (14,000±2,900 cells for the OC group vs 10,600±3,000 cells for the LC group), the postoperative body temperature (37.5±0.3°C vs 37.0±0.3°C), and the postoperative hospital stay (5.5±1.5 days vs 1.9±0.9 days). There was no correlation between serum CRP concentrations and the other postoperative parameters. These results provide us with biochemical evidence supporting the clinical observation that LC is far less traumatic to the patient than OC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18 (1994), S. 863-880 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A direct time-domain numerical procedure is proposed to analyse the transient dynamic response of two-dimensional reservoir-dam-soil systems. The reservoir extends to infinity and the dam is supported by an unbounded soil. The structure with either linear or non-linear material properties is modelled by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The soil is assumed to be an elastic, isotropic and homogeneous half-space represented by a boundary condition in the form of generalized impedance determined by the transient Lamb's solution due to a uniformly distributed traction imposed on the free surface, Guan and Novak.1 Moreover, a technique is developed to include the influence of the reservoir on the dam in terms of nodal accelerations along their interface at different time steps. The advantages of the proposed procedure are obvious. For example, it avoids any additional discretization of the boundaries except the soil-dam interface, and the influence matrix of the fluid is obtained explicitly using shape functions defined at the upstream face of the dam without the finite analysis of the reservoir so that it works very efficiently. Numerical results for a system consisting of reservoir, elastic dam and foundation subjected to the San Fernando, 1971 earthquake ground motion are presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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