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  • trachoma  (4)
  • treatment  (2)
  • Epidemiological analysis  (1)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cataract and latitude (1994)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 88 (1994), S. 307-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Cataract ; Latitude ; Sunlight ; Epidemiological analysis ; Ultraviolet ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For many years, it has been suggested that exposure to sunlight, particularly its ultraviolet component, may be associated with an increased risk of senile cataract. This paper adresses 1) the physical and geographic variables that affect the entry of ultraviolet light in the eye; 2) the epidemiologic evidence that associates cataract with ultraviolet light exposure; and 3) the effectiveness of personal barrier protection (i.e. sunglasses and hats) in reducing ocular exposure to ultraviolet light. The epidemiologic evidence is drawn from studies in Australia, China, Tibet, and the United States. The U.S evidence consists of data from the Maryland Watermen study and analyses of cataract surgery under the Medicare program which provides health insurance for nearly all Americans age 65 and over (30 million) and pays for 85% of the 1.3 million cataract extractions performed annually in the U.S. Analysis of the Medicard data shown that, after controlling for age, sex, and race, and income of the population and also controlling for supply of ophthalmologists, optometrists, price of surgery and local practice costs, the strongest predictor of cataract surgery likelihood in a Medicare benificiary is the person's latitude of residence. Latitude correlates directly with the UV-B content of sunlight, because the incident angle of the sun determines the atmospheric penetration of ultraviolet radiation. Data suggest that the probability of cataract surgery in the U.S. increases by 3% for each 1 degree decrease (i.e. more Southerly) in latitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203684
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community-based intervention programs for trachoma control (1988)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 12 (1988), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: drug therapy ; health education ; intervention ; trachoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Trachoma continues to be a leading cause of blindness largely confined to developing countries. Trachoma control programs have primarily been oriented to drug therapy, an approach which may be successful if it is community-based. However, the costs to ensure long-term success are substantial. Community-based health education approaches to reduce risk factors currently provide the most promising approach for long-term trachoma control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00133776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnosis and treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis (1988)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 12 (1988), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: chlamydia ; acute conjunctivitis ; neonatal conjunctivitis ; direct fluorescent antibody cytology ; diagnosis ; treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chlamydial conjunctivitis will usually go unrecognized and therefore untreated unless it is specifically considered. The possibility of chlamydial infection must be borne in mind in neonatal conjunctivitis, in acute conjunctivitis in sexually active adults, and in chronic follicular conjunctivitis. Chlamydial conjunctivitis is often indistinguishable from other forms of conjunctivitis on clinical grounds, and accurate diagnosis is based on laboratory tests. It seems that direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) cytology offers an attractive alternative to the more complicated and time-consuming tissue culture isolation method. Once diagnosed, chlamydial infection should be treated with the appropriate systemic antibiotics, and proper posttreatment follow-up is necessary to assess the efficacy of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00137132
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onchocerciasis — A potential revolution in its treatment (1987)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 11 (1987), S. 83-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: onchocerciasis ; treatment ; ivermectin ; vector control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Onchocerciasis is a major blinding disease affecting at least 28 million people in Africa and Latin America. Although a large-scale vector control program has been highly successful in limiting transmission of infection in West Africa, there has not been a satisfactory form of treatment available for those already infected or those living in other areas. Despite the fact that two drugs, diethylcarbamazine and suramin, are active against the filarial parasite that causes onchocerciasis, their use is severely limited by their toxicity and the reaction they induce. A newly developed drug, ivermectin, appears to offer a major revolution in the treatment of onchocerciasis. In a series of clinical trials, ivermectin has been shown to be an extremely effective microfilaricide which induces only minimal side effects. Ivermectin is given as a single oral dose which can be repeated on an annual basis. In view of its safety and efficacy and its ease of administration, it seems likely that ivermectin will be suitable for use in mass chemotherapy programs against onchocerciasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136735
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and causes of vision loss in central Tanzania (1991)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 15 (1991), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: blindness ; cataracts ; corneal opacity ; Tanzania ; trachoma ; visual impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A population-based survey of the prevalence of major blinding disorders was conducted in three villages in central Tanzania. Overall, 1827 people overthe age of seven years old were examined. In those age seven and older, the prevalence of bilateral blindness (visual acuity in the better eye of 〈3/60) was 1.26% and monocular blindness (visual acuity of 〈3/60 in one eye) was 4.32% and the prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity 〈6/18 but ≥3/60 in both eyes was 1.04% and in one eye was 1.75%. Corneal opacities were responsible for 44% of bilateral and 39% of monocular blindness and resulted from trachoma, measles often in association with Vitamin A deficiency, keratoconjunctivitis, and the use of traditional eye medicines. Cataracts accounted for 22% of bilateral and 6% of monocular blindness. Readily preventable or reversible causes of blindness were responsible for 65% of cases of bilateral and 46% of monocular blindness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046432
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and causes of vision loss in central Tanzania (1991)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 15 (1991), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: blindness ; cataracts ; corneal opacity ; Tanzania ; trachoma ; visual impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A population-based survey of the prevalence of major blinding disorders was conducted in three villages in central Tanzania. Overall, 1827 people overthe age of seven years old were examined. In those age seven and older, the prevalence of bilateral blindness (visual acuity in the better eye of 〈3/60) was 1.26% and monocular blindness (visual acuity of 〈3/60 in one eye) was 4.32% and the prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity 〈6/18 but ≥3/60 in both eyes was 1.04% and in one eye was 1.75%. Corneal opacities were responsible for 44% of bilateral and 39% of monocular blindness and resulted from trachoma, measles often in association with Vitamin A deficiency, keratoconjunctivitis, and the use of traditional eye medicines. Cataracts accounted for 22% of bilateral and 6% of monocular blindness. Readily preventable or reversible causes of blindness were responsible for 65% of cases of bilateral and 46% of monocular blindness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224465
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etiology of corneal opacification in central Tanzania (1993)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 17 (1993), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: blindness ; corneal opacification ; keratoconjunctivitis ; measles ; trachoma ; vitamin A deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frequency and causes of visually significant corneal opacification in central Tanzania was assessed by a population-based survey. The overall prevalence of bilateral corneal opacification was 1.16% (95% CI 0.31–1.44) and unilateral corneal opacification was 2.07% (95% CI 1.55–2.73). Bilateral corneal opacification was most frequently associated with trachoma, keratoconjunctivitis, vitamin A deficiency and measles. Unilateral corneal opacification had similar causes with the addition of cases caused by trauma. Corneal scarring is a frequent occurence in this region. The majority of cases of corneal opacification are secondary to potentially preventable or treatable causes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918868
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of contraction of drawn nylon 66 in aqueous phenol (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 427-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of contraction of drawn nylon 66 in aqueous phenol was investigated, and a method is described for correlating this contraction with a series of elementary rate processes. The rate constants so obtained were analyzed by absolute rate theory, and the variations of ΔH† and ΔS† with phenol concentration gave evidence of the nature of the reaction steps.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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