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  • Pancreatic islets  (2)
  • Epidemiology  (1)
  • Salivary insulin  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salivary insulin concentrations in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and obese non-diabetic subjects: Relationship to changes in plasma insulin levels after an oral glucose load (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 695-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Salivary insulin ; obese subjects ; Type 2 diabetic patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of immunoreactive insulin in saliva and its relationship to plasma immunoreactive insulin was investigated in healthy subjects, newly diagnosed non-obese Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and obese non-diabetic subjects, basally and after an oral glucose tolerance test. The mean ± SEM fasting values of plasma and salivary immunoreactive insulin were significantly higher in diabetic patients and obese non-diabetic subjects than in normal volunteers (p〈0.05). During the glucose challenge, the increase of salivary insulin was related with that of plasma in the three groups of subjects, with a time lag in normal and obese subjects. In normal volunteers, plasma and salivary peak values were respectively 49.5 ± 13.4 μU/ml (p〈0.05 vs obese subjects) at 60 min and 12.0±3.3μU/min (p〈0.05 vs obese subjects) at 120 min; in diabetic patients, the values were 51.7 ± 5.6 μU/ml (p〈0.05 vs obese subjects) and 14.6±4.1 μU/min at 120 min; in obese subjects, the peak value for plasma insulin was 111.5±40.1 μU/ml at 90 min and for salivary insulin 15.6 ± 5.1 μU/min at 120 min. A positive linear relationship was shown between plasma and salivary insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test. The identity of salivary insulin was assessed by reversed-phase HPLC. We conclude that salivary immunoreactive insulin can be found in Type 2 diabetic patients and in obese non-diabetic subjects, as well as normal volunteers, that plasma and salivary insulin are related after a glucose load, and that differences exist in salivary insulin secretion patterns among the three groups of subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870278
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphokine release during co-culture of human lympho-mononuclear cells and fresh or cultured human, porcine and bovine pancreatic islets (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words  Lymphokines ; Pancreatic islets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   In this study we evaluated whether isolated human (HI), porcine (PI) and bovine (BI) islets, either fresh (Fr) or cultured for 4 weeks (4w) affect cytokine release from human lymphomononuclear cells (LMC) differently. We prepared LMC from peripheral blood by density gradient purification and co-cultured 1×106 LMC for 24 h with 100 hand-picked islets, either within 48 h of isolation or after culture for 4 weeks. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interferon-gamma (IFN), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Compared with controls (Ctrl, LMC without islets), Fr-HI, Fr-PI and Fr-BI caused a similar increase of IL-2R and IFN release, whereas 4w-HI and 4w-BI did not lead to any significant production of these two cytokines. IL-10 concentrations increased with Fr-PI and Fr-BI, but not with Fr-HI, and no major effect of the 4-week culture was seen. IL-4 levels were below the detection limit of the method used in these experiments. Thus, fresh allo- and xeno-islets caused a similar increase of the release of cytokines known to be markers of Th1 activation, whereas the release of IL-10, a marker of Th2 activation, increased with xeno-, but not with allo-islets; culturing the islets for 4 weeks decreased Th1, but not Th2 activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569422
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prevalence study of known diabetes mellitus in Tuscany assessed from pharmaceutical prescriptions and other independent sources (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Epidemiology ; Pharmaceutical prescriptions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluates the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) using four independent data sources. The main source, represented by computerized prescriptions for anti-diabetic agents collected over a 4-month period, was validated using three secondary sources: (a) the list of diabetic patients who receive material of self-care from the National Health Service; (b) the clinical records of diabetic patients obtained from a random sample of family doctors; (c) the clinical records of diabetic patients attending our outpatient clinic. The main source provided 3806 patients, and 697 patients were added from the secondary sources, thus identifying a total number of 4503. The prevalence of known DM in the “Pisa area” exclusively reckoned by the main source, was 2.01%, and the prevalence corrected by the addition of the various sources resulted in 2.4%. The capture-recapture method showed a completeness of ascertainment of the survey of 90.1%, and thus an estimated prevalence of known diabetes of 2.64%. Of these, 141 patients had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) corresponding to 3.2% of identified diabetic subjects (prevalence 0.07% inhabitants); 4362 patients had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 96.8% of identified diabetic subjects (prevalence 2.36%). Of patients with NIDDM 10.5% was treated by diet, 65% with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA), 23% with insulin and 1.5% with insulin plus OHA. This study shows that the method used in this survey is suitable for epidemiological studies because it does not demand the cooperation of the diabetic patients, is addressed to the entire diabetic population without age discrimination and singles out the diabetic population in a very reliable way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570541
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphokine release during co-culture of human lympho-mononuclear cells and fresh or cultured human, porcine and bovine pancreatic islets (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Lymphokines ; Pancreatic islets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we evaluated whether isolated human (HI), porcine (PI) and bovine (BI) islets, either fresh (Fr) or cultured for 4 weeks (4w) affect cytokine release from human lymphomononuclear cells (LMC) differently. We prepared LMC from peripheral blood by density gradient purification and co-cultured 1×106 LMC for 24 h with 100 hand-picked islets, either within 48 h of isolation or after culture for 4 weeks. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interferon-gamma (IFN), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Compared with controls (Ctrl, LMC without islets), Fr-HI, Fr-PI and Fr-BI caused a similar increase of IL-2R and IFN release, whereas 4w-HI and 4w-BI did not lead to any significant production of these two cytokines. IL-10 concentrations increased with Fr-PI and Fr-BI, but not with Fr-HI, and no major effect of the 4-week culture was seen. IL-4 levels were below the detection limit of the method used in these experiments. Thus, fresh allo- and xeno-islets caused a similar increase of the release of cytokines known to be markers of Th1 activation, whereas the release of IL-10, a marker of Th2 activation, increased with xeno-, but not with allo-islets; culturing the islets for 4 weeks decreased Th1, but not Th2 activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569422
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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