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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial distribution of fixed mutations within genes coding for proteins (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 19 (1983), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Base substitution patterns ; Mutability ; Poisson density ; Geometric density ; Negative binomial density ; Natural selection ; Amino acids ; Proteins ; Genes ; Nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have examined the extensive amino acid sequence data now available for five protein families — the α crystallin A chain, myoglobin, alpha and beta hemoglobin, and the cytochromesc — with the goal of estimating the true spatial distribution of base substitutions within genes that code for proteins. In every case the commonly used Poisson density failed to even approximate the experimental pattern of base substitution. For the 87 species of beta hemoglobin examined, for example, the probability that the observed results were from a Poisson process was the minuscule 10−44. Analogous results were obtained for the other functional families. All the data were reasonably, but not perfectly, described by the negative binomial density. In particular, most of the data were described by one of the very simple limiting forms of this density, the geometric density. The implications of this for evolutionary inference are discussed. It is evident that most estimates of total base substitutions between genes are badly in need of revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02102319
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence and evolution of the orangutan ε globin gene region and surrounding Alu repeats (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 24 (1986), S. 94-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Epsilon globin ; Alu repeats ; Orangutan ; Nucleotide sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have mapped and sequenced the ε globin gene and seven surrounding Alu repeat sequences in the orangutan β globin gene cluster and have compared these and other orangutan sequences to orthologously related human sequences. Noncoding flanking and intron sequences, synonymous sites of α, γ, and ε globin coding regions, and Alu sequences in human and orangutan diverge by 3.2%, 2.7%, and 3.7%, respectively. These values compare to 3.6% from DNA hybridizations and 3.4% from the ωη globin gene region. If as suggested by fossil evidence and “molecular clock” calculations, human and orangutan lineages diverged about 10–15 MYA, the rate of noncoding DNA evolution in the two species is 1.0–1.5×10−9 substitutions per site per year. We found no evidence for either the addition or deletion of Alu sequences from the β globin gene cluster nor is there any evidence for recent concerted evolution among the Alu sequences examined. Both phylogenetic and phenetic distance analyses suggest that Alu sequences within the α and β globin gene clusters arose close to the time of simian and prosimian primate divergence (about 50–60 MYA). We conclude that Alu sequences have been evolving at the rate typical of noncoding DNA for the majority of primate history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099956
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence on primate phylogeny from ε-globin gene sequences and flanking regions (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 40 (1995), S. 30-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Primates ; Strepsirhines ; Aye-aye ; Lemurs ; Phylogeny ; ε-globin gene ; Molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among various primate groups were examined based on sequences of ε-globin genes. ε-globin genes were sequenced from five species of strepsirhine primates. These sequences were aligned and compared with other known primate ε-globin sequences, including data from two additional strepsirhine species, one species of tarsier, 19 species of New World monkeys (representing all extant genera), and five species of catarrhines. In addition, a 2-kb segment upstream of the ε-globin gene was sequenced in two of the five strepsirhines examined. This upstream sequence was aligned with five other species of primates for which data are available in this segment. Domestic rabbit and goat were used as outgroups. This analysis supports the monophyly of order Primates but does not support the traditional prosimian grouping of tarsiers, lorisoids, and lemuroids; rather it supports the sister grouping of tarsiers and anthropoids into Haplorhini and the sister grouping of lorisoids and lemuroids into Strepsirhini. The mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) appear to be most closely related to each other, forming a clade with the lemuroids, and are probably not closely related to the lorisoids, as suggested by some morphological studies. Analysis of the ε-globin data supports the hypothesis that the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) shares a sister-group relationship with other Malagasy strepsirhines (all being classified as lemuroids). Relationships among ceboids agree with findings from a previous ε-globin study in which fewer outgroup taxa were employed. Rates of molecular evolution were higher in lorisoids than in lemuroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166594
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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