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Investing in Research and Education versus Commodity Programs: Implications for Agricultural Productivity (1999)

Makki, Shiva S. ; Tweeten, Luther G. ; Thraen, Cameron S.

Springer

Journal of productivity analysis 12 (1999), S. 77-94

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ISSN: 1573-0441

Keywords: Agricultural productivity ; Public and private R and D ; Education ; Commodity programs ; Cointegration ; Error Correction model

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Economics

Notes: Abstract The long-term impact of research, education, and various government support programs on U.S. agricultural productivity was analyzed using an error correction model. Results indicate that the proposed reduction in commodity program expenditures (e.g. 1996 Farm Bill) is unlikely to reduce agricultural productivity. Results suggest that shifting public funds from commodity programs to education and research would raise U.S. agricultural productivity. Our estimates of long-term rates of return to public research are lower than those from most previous, perhaps due to our improved model specification, but are high enough to justify continued public investments to raise productivity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007855224376

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Determination of metal-organic complexation in natural waters by SWASV with pseudopolarograms (1995)

Lewis, B. L. ; Luther, G. W. ; Lane, H. ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 166-177

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ISSN: 1040-0397

Keywords: Zinc ; Complexation ; Seawater ; Rainwater ; Pseudopolarogram ; Trace metal ; Voltammetry ; Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry ; Complexometric titration ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: A novel electrochemical method is described for the examination of metal-organic complexation in natural waters. The technique is based upon the comparison of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) ‘pseudopolarograms’ (current vs. deposition potential plots) for natural samples with those obtained for metal complexation with selected ‘model’ binding ligands at constant ionic strength. For electrochemically active zinc species in seawater, the pseudopolarogram approach allowed the estimation of thermodynamic stability constants (KML) within a stability constant window of approximately 104-106 M-1 up to ≥ 1015 M-1. For a natural rainwater sample, the pseudopolarogram indicated only one zinc class, probably a mixture of ‘free’ and/or inorganically complexed species. In an application to a coastal seawater sample, three species were identified: (1) weakly complexed, log KZnL = 4.14 ± 0.92 M-1; (2) moderately complexed, log KZnL = 7.77 ± 0.62 M-1; (3) strongly complexed, log KZnL = 11.45 ± 0.95 M-1. Results are compared to those obtained using complexometric titration with SWASV at a thin mercury film-glassy carbon rotating disk (TMF-GCRD) electrode. The latter detected a single strong complexing ligand (or ligand class), with [L′] = 15.25 ± 0.04 nM and log K′ZnL ≥ 10.9 M-1.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.