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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of menopause on longitudinal bone loss from the spine (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 340-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone loss ; Menopause ; Dual photon absorptiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two hundred and thirty women aged 45–66 years were divided into three groups according to their menopausal status and were followed to assess the changes in vertebral bone mineral density (BMD). These included 71 premenopausal, 42 perimenopausal, and 117 postmenopausal women. Menopausal status was assessed through menstrual history and plasma concentrations of 17β estradiol and luteinizing hormone. BMD was measured by dual photon absorptiometry between 2 and 5 times over an average period of 27 months, and annual rates of changes were calculated by linear regression. BMD decreased significantly (P〈0.0001) in the three groups during the follow-up. Mean (±SD) annual rate of change was-0.79±1.5% for premenopausal,-2.35±1.5% for perimenopausal, and-1.24±1.5% for postmenopausal women. There was no difference in the rates of bone loss between the perimenopausal group and the postmenopausal group within 3 years after menopause (1–2 years:-2.34±2.1%; 2–3 years:-1.9±1.5%). Thereafter, rates decreased exponentially with time since menopause to fall out at the same level as the premenopausal level. These longitudinal data indicate that vertebral bone loss begins before menopause and accelerates sharply during menopause to decline exponentially with time after 3 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310195
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cyclical etidronate therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women who are not undergoing hormonal replacement therapy (1997)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 7 (1997), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Etidronate ; Postmenopausal osteoporosis ; Postmenopausal bone loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of cyclical etidronate therapy in the prevention of bone loss occurring in early postmenopausal women who are not undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A total of 109 Caucasian women aged 45–60 years were treated with etidronate 400 mg/day or placebo for 14 days followed by calcium supplementation 500 mg/day for 77 days. Ninety-one women completed the 2 years of the study. After 2 years, the estimated difference between the two groups as regards lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was 2.53% (SEM 1.07%;p=0.01); BMD of the hip and wrist were not significantly different between treatment groups. A clear reduction in bone turnover was obtained as evidenced by a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase level and in urinary N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio in the etidronate group; the difference between the two groups was −12%±3.2% for serum alkaline phosphatase level (p=0.019) and −22.9%+13.7% for the urinary N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio (p=0.047). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the serum osteocalcin levels and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios. Etidronate was generally well tolerated and its adverse event profile was similar to that of placebo. The results of this study indicate that cyclic etidronate therapy can prevent trabecular bone loss, with no deleterious effect on cortical bone, in the first 5 years of menopause and that it has a very high safety margin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622291
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of vertebral and femoral postmenopausal bone loss: A longitudinal study (1996)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Rate of bone loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rate of postmenopausal bone loss varies considerably between individuals and it has been suggested that about 1 in 3 women loses significant amount of bone mineral in the forearm. The rate of vertebral and femoral bone loss was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry throughout two consecutive 22-month periods, in 93 healthy women who had passed a natural menopause 6–60 months earlier. In all cases the bone changes were normally distributed, ranging from −6.9% to +2.8% per year in the spine and from −7% to +4.8% per year in the femur. No significant relationship was found between the two fractional rates of bone loss. When the women were stratified into three groups according to their individual rate of bone loss, we found that only 20%–47% retained their first classification during the second period of follow-up. In particular, less than 10% of the women showed a rapid rate of bone loss throughout the study. We conclude that spontaneous vertebral and femoral bone loss exhibit a great variability within the first postmenopausal years and that only a small minority of women sustain a fast rate of bone loss over several years. These results raise the question as to whether the evaluation of individual rates of bone loss at menopause might be useful in the identification of women at higher risk of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623392
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spine and femur densitometry at the menopause: Are both sites necessary in the assessment of the risk of osteoporosis? (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 344-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineral measurement ; Osteoporosis ; Menopause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The aim of our study was to compare the results provided by the measurement of vertebral and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) for assessing the individual risk of osteoporosis as defined by either low BMD and/or rapid bone loss. Vertebral and femoral BMD were measured twice at a mean interval of 21 months in 85 normal, early post-menopausal women who had passed a natural menopause 6 months to 3 years previously. According to the measurement site, 36% (spine), 29% (femoral neck), 35% (Ward's triangle), and 25% (trochanter) fall in the “at risk” category, defined by a BMD value of 1 SD or more below the normal values for premenopausal women. Based on vertebral BMD, 39–48% of the women at risk had a normal femoral BMD. On the other hand, 24–37% of the women classified at risk based on femoral BMD maintained a low risk at the vertebral level. The annual rate of bone loss was significantly greater for the Ward's triangle (-2.7±3.8%) and femoral neck (-2.1±2.5%) than for the spine (-1.5±2.1%) and trochanter (-1.5±3.4%). There was a significant relationship between the rate of loss measured at the spine and femoral levels (r=0.34–0.58). Among the 21 women with a rapid vertebral bone loss, 48–67% had a low bone loss at the femoral level and vice versa. The ratio between mean rate of loss and the precision of the measurement sites was greater for the spine (1.6) compared with the femur (1.1–0.71). Our results indicate that vertebral and femoral BMD measurements produce discordant results in assessing the individual risk for osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310196
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone and thyroid hormones (1989)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 8 (1989), S. 116-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Bone Loss ; Thyroid Hormone ; Menopause ; Hypothyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207245
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