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  • sulphate  (2)
  • Facial mask mechanical ventilation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facial mask noninvasive mechanical ventilation reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 1024-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Epidemiology in ICU ; Facial mask mechanical ventilation ; Logistic Regression Model ; Nosocomial pneumonia ; Ventilator-associated pneumonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of noninvasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation (NPPV) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital. Patients: Cohort of 320 consecutive patients staying in the ICU more than 2 days and mechanically ventilated for ≥ 1 day. Measurements and results: VAP was diagnosed when, satisfying classical clinical and radiological criteria, fiberoptic bronchoalveolar lavage and/or protected specimen brush grew ≥ 104 and ≥ 103 CFU/ml, respectively, of at least one microorganism. Patients were classified into four subgroups according to the way in which mechanical ventilation was delivered: NPPV then tracheal intubation (TI) (n = 38), TI then NPPV (n = 23), TI only (n = 199), and NPPV only (n = 60). Occurrence of VAP was estimated by incidence rate and density of incidence. Risk factors for VAP were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Twenty-seven patients had 28 episodes of VAP. The incidence rates for patients with VAP were 18 % in NPPV-TI, 22 % in TI-NPPV, 8 % in TI, and 0 % in NPPV (p 〈 0.0001). The density of incidence of VAP was 0.85 per 100 days of TI and 0.16 per 100 days of NPPV (p = 0.04). Logistic regression showed that length of ICU stay and ventilatory support were associated with VAP. Conclusions: There is a significantly lower incidence of VAP associated with NPPV compared to tracheal intubation. This is mainly explained by differences in patient severity and risk exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050452
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypolimnetic Alkalinity Generation in Two Dilute, Oligotrophic Lakes in Ontario, Canada (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: alkalinity ; mass balances ; iron ; sulphate ; nitrate ; base cations ; manganese ; ammonium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract It has been observed that the alkalinity concentrations in the hypolimnia of many thermally stratified lakes increase over the duration of the summer. We have quantified the processes, both redox and exchange, that contributed to the alkalinity increases measured in two lakes that are situated on the Precambrian Shield of Ontario, Canada by measuring hypolimnetic mass balances for all substances involved in alkalinity-generating or -consuming reactions. These include nitrate, ammonium, base cations, iron, manganese, sulphate, organic anions, as well as alkalinity itself. In one lake, iron reduction was the dominant source of alkalinity; since this process is probably reversed at fall overturn when hypolimnetic waters mix with oxygenated surface waters, the alkalinity generated by this mechanism is likely temporary in nature. In the second lake, iron reduction and sulphate reduction were both important; the latter should provide more permanent alkalinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018366720560
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypolimnetic alkalinity generation in two dilute, oligotrophic lakes in Ontario, Canada (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: alkalinity ; mass balances ; iron ; sulphate ; nitrate ; base cations ; manganese ; ammonium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract It has been observed that the alkalinity concentrations in the hypolimnia of many thermally stratified lakes increase over the duration of the summer. We have quantified the processes, both redox and exchange, that contributed to the alkalinity increases measured in two lakes that are situated on the Precambrian Shield of Ontario, Canada by measuring hypolimnetic mass balances for all substances involved in alkalinity-generating or -consuming reactions. These include nitrate, ammonium base cations, iron, manganese, sulphate, organic anions, as well as alkalinity itself. In one lake, iron reduction was the dominant source of alkalinity; since this process is probably reversed at fall overturn when hypolimnetic waters mix with oxygenated surface waters, the alkalinity generated by this mechanism is likely temporary in nature. In the second lake, iron reduction and sulphate reduction were both important the latter should provide more permanent alkalinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406877
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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