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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 13. Corticospinal effects in shoulder, elbow, wrist, and digit motoneurones (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corticospinal tract ; Forelimb motoneurones ; Disynaptic effects ; C3–C4 propriospinal neurones ; Forelimb segmental interneurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of corticospinal volleys evoked by stimulation of the contralateral pyramid was investigated using intracellular recordings from α motoneurones to forelimb muscles. Confirming and extending previous observations (Illert et al. 1977, lllert and Wiedemann 1984), short latency EPSPs within a disynaptic range were evoked by a train of pyramidal volleys in all varieties of shoulder, elbow, wrist and digit motoneurones. The amplitude of pyramidal EPSPs was sensitive to the stimulus repetition rate. Maximal amplitudes were observed around 2–4 Hz, while at 10 Hz the early EPSP was markedly reduced and the long latency EPSP abolished. The persistence of disynaptic EPSPs after a corticospinal transection in C5/C6 suggested that, for all types of forelimb motor nuclei, disynaptic EPSPs are relayed by C3–C4 propiospinal neurones (PNs) (c.f. Illert et al. 1977). The transection, however, caused a clear reduction in the EPSP of all motoneurone types. After a ventral lesion of the lateral funicle in C5/C6 interrupting the axons of the C3–C4 PNs, disynaptic (and possibly trisynaptic) EPSPs were evoked by a short train of pyramidal volleys. It is postulated that intercalated neurones in a disynaptic cortico-motoneuronal pathway also exist in the forelimb segments. Disynaptic pyramidal IPSPs were observed in most types of forelimb motor nuclei both before and after a corticospinal transection in C5/C6. At all joints, pyramidal excitation dominated in motoneurones to physiological flexors, while in extensor motoneurones mixed excitation and inhibition or dominant inhibition was common. Comparison of pyramidal effects in slow motoneurones (classified according to the after-hyperpolarization duration) to the long head of the triceps and anconeus revealed dominant excitation in the former and inhibition in the latter. It is suggested that the slow motor units in these muscles differ in their function although both muscles are elbow extensors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230915
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat 15. Comparison of the projection from excitatory C3-C4 propriospinal neurones to different species of forelimb motoneurones (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 543-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: C3-C4 propriospinal neurones ; Excitatory projection ; Forelimb motoneurones ; Lateral reticular nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the preceding report (Alstermark and Sasaki 1986) it was shown that a stimulus of 500 μA applied in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) evokes a maximal or near monosynaptic EPSP (LRN EPSP) in forelimb motoneurones. This EPSP which is assumed to be selectively mediated by C3-C4 propriospinal neurones (PNs), was used to estimate the strength of the excitatory projection from C3-C4 PNs. A systematic comparison was made of the size and time course of the maximal LRN EPSP in various species of forelimb α-motoneurones innervating shoulder, elbow, wrist and digit muscles. The LRN EPSP was evoked in all investigated species of forelimb motoneurones. When either the peak amplitude or the underlying area of the LRN EPSP was compared, a three-fold range was found with some tendency for the size to vary in the order of wrist 〉 shoulder ≈ elbow 〉 digit 〉 intrinsic paw motor nuclei. Generally, a positive correlation was found in each motor nucleus between the peak amplitude of the LRN EPSP versus the monosynaptic homonymous group Ia EPSP, input resistance and afterhyperpolarization duration respectively (cf. Alstermark and Sasaki 1986). It is therefore postulated, that the LRN EPSP peak amplitude is correlated with motor unit type. Comparison of the time course of the LRN EPSPs was made by measuring the time-to-peak (T-t-p) and half-width (H-w). The finding in the preceding report that the T-t-p and H-w is longer in slow than in fast motoneurones was confirmed and extended to all the investigated motor nuclei. The hypothesis that both fast slow motoneurones receive projection from a group of fast C3-C4 PNs, while slow motoneurones receive an additional projection from a group with lower conduction velocity, can therefore be applied to all forelimb motor nuclei. In addition, it is proposed that some slow shoulder, wrist and digit motoneurones receive projection from a special subpopulation of C3-C4 PNs with very slow conduction velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237477
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic study of vinyl acetate polymerization in aqueous media in the absence of emulsifier (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1043-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the absence of emulsifying agents, vinyl acetate polymerization in aqueous media was carried out at 50°C over a wide range of initial initiator and monomer concentrations to clarify the effect of reaction conditions on the kinetic behavior of the polymerization system. It was shown that the rate of polymerization was proportional to reaction time and initiator concentration and independent of the number of polymer particles present. The rate could also be successfully explained by the Smith and Ewart theory for emulsion polymerization when the dissolved monomer in water and the Trommsdorff effect were taken into consideration. A set of equations which could account for the effect of dissolved monomer in water on the rate of polymerization is proposed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220415
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of new polyimides containing flourinated alkoxy side chains (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of new polyimides containing fluorinated alkoxy side chains are prepared from novel fluorinated alkoxy diamines. The dieletric constant at 1 kHz in the fluorinated polyimides decreases from 3.3 to 2.6 as fluorine content increases. The refractive index also changes from 1.58 to 1.48, dependent on the fluorine content. In addition, the fluorinated polyimides exhibit lower water absorption than the reference polyimides prepared from m-phenylenediamine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of cured epoxy resins containing the perfluorobutenyloxy group (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1986.140240602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers derived from bis(4-hydroxyphthalimide)s, I preparation and properties of bis(4-hydroxyphthalimide)s (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1987.140250904
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A crystalline polymorph of poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate) (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 2821-2823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1986.090241216
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of poly(p-phenylene) prepared by organometallic technique (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(p-phenylene) from organometallic polymerization, crystal structure of ; crystal structure of poly(p-phenylene) from organometallic preparation ; X-ray diffraction of organometallically produced poly(p-phenylene) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The two-dimensional crystal structure of poly(p-phenylene) is investigated by linkedatom Rietveld analysis of the x-ray diffraction powder profile. Two molecular chains are packed in a rectangular pgg unit cell (a = 0.779 nm; b = 0.551 nm) with a paracrystalline shift distortion along the chain axis. The molecular conformation is not rigidly planar; rotations between adjacent phenyl-ring planes in a molecule alternate with an angle of about 20°. The setting angle between the mean molecular plane and the a axis is 55.5°.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility and mesophase separation in blends of α-helical polyglutamates (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 637-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Blends composed of the α-helical polymers, poly-L-glutamates [(—NHCαHRC′O—)n, R = —CH2CH2COO—(CH2)m(C6H5] (Lm) and the corresponding D enantiomers (Dm), have been studied by x-ray diffraction and viscoelastic measurements. Binary blends of L2, D2, L3, and D3 are compatible and form isomorphous mixed crystals at all compositions, whereas other pairs, with the exception of L1/D1, are incompatible. The demixing process is described for a ternary system consisting of L1, D3, and a diluent chloroform at 40°C. The phase diagram comprises four regions, I, IA, A, and AA, with increasing polymer concentration; I: isotropic, A: anisotropic, IA: I-A biphasic, and AA: A-A biphasic. The IA biphasic gap is greater in the ternary system than in the binary ones. The high-molecular-weight component (D3) is partitioned into the A phase in the IA region. The AA separation originates from incompatibility of the polymers. The phase behavior is discussed on the basis of the Abe-Flory theory by incorporating the polymer-polymer interaction parameter.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260314
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of polysulfonamides (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 1077-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Structures of poly(alkylene-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide)s [—HN(CH2)mNH—O2SC6H4SO2—]n (PMm: 2 ≤ m ≤ 6) were studied by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The crystal structure of PB6 is monoclinic, space group C2/m—C2h3, with a = 7.70 Å, b = 7.76 Å, c (molecular axis) = 14.1 Å, and β = 117°. Two mirror-image molecules repeating with two monomeric units in an identity period 28.2 Å occupy the same lattice site with equal probability. The alkylene chains assume the planar zigzag conformation, which is the structure isomorphous with PB4. An intermolecular hydrogen bond is formed between each NH group and one of the two O = S groups of the corresponding SO2 unit. The c axis tends to tilt from the fiber axis by an inclination angle of about 3° around the b axis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270509
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