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  • France  (1)
  • Functional modification  (1)
  • Occupational epidemiology  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very Simple Models, the Self-Modifying Automata and Chain of Self-Modifying Automata, Can Explain Self-Referential Properties of Living Beings (1999)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 47 (1999), S. 353-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Keywords: Functional modification ; Self-modifying automaton ; Self-programming automaton ; Self-referential stability ; Stability by self-replication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Very often, living beings seem able to change their functioning when external conditions vary. In order to study this property, we have devised abstract machines whose internal organisation changes whenever the external conditions vary. The internal organisations of these machines (or programs), are as simple as possible, functions of discrete variables. We call such machines self-modifying automata. These machines stabilise after any transient steps when they go indefinitely through a loop called p-cycle or limit cycle of length p. More often than not, the p in the cycle is equal to one and the cycle reduces to a fixed point. In this case the external value (v) can be considered as the index of function f such as: fv(v)−v and the machine has the property of self-replication and to be self-referential. Many authors, in computer and natural science, consider that self-referential objects are a main concept in comprehension of perception, behaviour and associations. In the third part, we have studied chains of automata. Only one automaton changes its internal organisation at each step. Chains of automata have better performances than single self-modifying automata: Higher frequency of fixed point occurrence and a shorter transient length. The performances of the chains of automata improve when the value of their internal states increases whereas the performances of single automata decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002663327258
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation of ISO 9002 for research in occupational epidemiology (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 488-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words ISO 9002 standard ; Occupational epidemiology ; Research
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The Department of Epidemiology, which forms part of the French National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), is involved in research on occupational risks. It provides results of industry-based epidemiological studies focused on the relationship between occupational exposure and diseases of the respiratory system, central and peripheral nervous systems and cancer. This paper describes the Quality Assurance System developed by our department, which has been successfully maintained and extended since being granted ISO 9002 certification by the French Association for Quality Assurance. The quality system includes procedures specific to epidemiological study conduct and scientific peer reviews. It has been designed in order to meet the required ISO elements, including quality aims and policy, quality procedures for management of personnel, sub-contractors and facilities, nonconformities, corrective and preventive actions, archiving and traceability and planning of internal quality audits. Improvements in management, technical and service quality have resulted from this process. Although epidemiological studies differ markedly from industrial production for which the standards were originally drawn up, we have found that Quality Assurance is both applicable and useful in epidemiological research on occupational risks. Therefore, we conclude that a certified Quality Assurance Scheme including scientific peer reviews can be recommended to ensure reliable epidemiological results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050294
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality from lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases among stainless-steel producing workers (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases ; chromium ; ferrochromium ; foundry ; France ; heat ; lung cancer ; stainless steel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mortality pattern of workers involved in the production of stainless steel (SS) was studied from 1968 to 1984 in order to investigate a possible risk of lung cancer in relation to exposure to chromium compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and silica. The role of heat exposure in mortality from cardiovascular diseases also was examined. The cohort was comprised of 4,227 workers. Complete individual job histories were provided by the company (UGINE SA). The smoking habits of 24 percent of the cohort members were known from the interview of workers still active during the data collection. The observed numbers of deaths were compared with the expected ones based on national rates with adjustment for age, sex, and calendar time (standardized mortality ratio, SMR). No significant excesses of lung cancer were observed among workers employed in the manufacture of ferroalloys (SMR=0.68) and in the melting and casting of SS (SMR=1.04), whereas a significant excess appeared among SS foundry workers (SMR=2.29). This excess was higher and remained significant among workers with more than 30 years since first employment in the foundry area (SMR=3.34). Among subjects exposed to heat, no excess was observed for all cardiovascular diseases or for ischemic heart diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053147
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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