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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of salt stress on the growth, ion content, stomatal behaviour and photosynthetic capacity of a salt-sensitive species, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 164 (1985), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gas exchange ; Ion relations ; Phaseolus (salt stress) ; Photosynthesis (salt stress) ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Salt stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Hawkesbury Wonder) was grown over a range of NaCl concentrations (0–150 mM), and the effects on growth, ion relations and photosynthetic performance were examined. Dry and fresh weight decreased with increasing external NaCl concentration while the root/shoot ratio increased. The Cl- concentration of leaf tissue increased linearly with increasing external NaCl concentration, as did K+ concentration, although to a lesser degree. Increases in leaf Na+ concentration occurred only at the higher external NaCl concentrations (≧100 mM). Increases in leaf Cl- were primarily balanced by increases in K+ and Na+. X-ray microanalysis of leaf cells from salinized plants showed that Cl- concentration was high in both the cell vacuole and chloroplast-cytoplasm (250–300 mM in both compartments for the most stressed plants), indicating a lack of effective intracellular ion compartmentation in this species. Salinity had little effect on the total nitrogen and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) content per unit leaf area. Chlorophyll per unit leaf area was reduced considerably by salt stress, however. Stomatal conductance declined substantially with salt stress such that the intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) was reduced by up to 30%. Salinization of plants was found to alter the δ13C value of leaves of Phaseolus by up to 5‰ and this change agreed quantitatively with that predicted by the theory relating carbon-isotope fractionation to the corresponding measured intercellular CO2 concentration. Salt stress also brought about a reduction in photosynthetic CO2 fixation independent of altered diffusional limitations. The initial slope of the photosynthesis versus C i response declined with salinity stress, indicating that the apparent in-vivo activity of RuBP carboxylase was decreased by up to 40% at high leaf Cl- concentrations. The quantum yield for net CO2 uptake was also reduced by salt stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396077
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in-vivo response of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activation state and the pool sizes of photosynthetic metabolites to elevated CO2 inPhaseolus vulgaris L. (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 174 (1988), S. 407-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gas exchange ; Phaseolus (High-CO2 effects) ; Photosynthesis (regulation) ; Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The short-term, in-vivo response to elevated CO2 of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase, EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and the pool sizes of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, triose phosphates, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate in bean were studied. Increasing CO2 from an ambient partial pressure of 360–1600 μbar induced a substantial deactivation of RuBPCase at both saturating and subsaturating photon flux densities. Activation of RuBPCase declined for 30 min following the CO2 increase. However, the rate of photosynthesis re-equilibrated within 6 min of the switch to high CO2, indicating that RuBPCase activity did not limit photosynthesis at high CO2. Following a return to low CO2, RuBPCase activation increased to control levels within 10 min. The photosynthetic rate fell immediately after the return to low CO2, and then increased in parallel with the increase in RuBPCase activation to the initial rate observed prior to the CO2 increase. This indicated that RuBPCase activity limited photosynthesis while RuBPCase activation increased. Metabolite pools were temporarily affected during the first 10 min after either a CO2 increase or decrease. However, they returned to their original level as the change in the activation state of RuBPCase neared completion. This result indicates that one role for changes in the activation state of RuBPCase is to regulate the pool sizes of photosynthetic intermediates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00959528
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hamamelitol purification, identification by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and quantitation in plant leaves (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1995), S. 418-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carboxyarabinitol ; Hamamelitol ; Hedera ; Sugar alcohol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Branched-chain sugars and sugar alcohols are unusual, but perhaps widespread, plant constituents whose associated biochemistry and function are poorly understood. Herein we show that one such sugar alcohol, hamamelitol (2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-ribitol), does occur in leaves of many different species often in very high amounts. Hamamelitol levels were quantitated by an isotope dilution assay we developed with a detection limit of about 15 nmol per g fresh weight, and its identity was verified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The taxonomic distribution of hamamelitol was disjunct: hamamelitol was present in species of distantly related orders such as Laurales, Fabales, and Primulales, but was not necessarily present in different genera of the same family. Species with high leaf levels of carboxyarabinitol (2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-ribonic acid) generally have low hamamelitol levels. Leaves of Hedera helix L. contain the most hamamelitol of any species examined, with levels comparable to those of sucrose. The youngest leaves of H. helix accumulated the most hamamelitol, about 11 μmol per g fresh weight. Growth of H. helix with periodic sub-freezing temperatures did not induce further accumulation of leaf hamamelitol. Hamamelitol levels were also high in leaf petioles of H. helix, which indicates that this sugar alcohol may be translocatable. Further, the mass spectrometry analysis indicates that a non-covalent dimer of hamamelitol may be more prevalent in vivo than is the monomeric form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202600
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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