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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Use of Biochemical Markers of Bone Remodeling: Current Status and Future Directions (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 467-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone turnover markers – Clinical management – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Biochemical markers of bone turnover provide a means of evaluating skeletal dynamics that complements static measurements of bone mineral density (BMD). This review evaluates the use of commercially available bone turnover markers as aids in diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment in patients with osteoporosis. High within-person variability complicates but does not preclude their use. Elevated bone resorption markers appear to be associated with increased fracture risk in elderly women, but there is less evidence of a relationship between bone formation markers and fracture risk. The critical question of predicting fracture efficacy with treatment has not been answered. Changes in bone markers as currently determined do not predict BMD response to either bisphosphonates or hormone replacement therapy. Single measurements of markers do not predict BMD cross-sectionally (except possibly in the very elderly), or change in BMD in individual patients, either treated or untreated. On the other hand, research applications of bone turnover markers are of value in investigating the pathogenesis and treatment of bone diseases. Markers have potential in the clinical management of osteoporosis, but their use in this regard is not established. Additional studies with fracture endpoints and information on negative and positive predictive value are needed to evaluate fully the utility of bone turnover markers in individual patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070088
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human exposure to styrene (1976)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 37 (1976), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Gaschromatography ; Diazomethane derivatization of phenylglyoxylic acid ; Styrene metabolites ; Urinalysis of styrene metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The derivatization of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), a urinary styrene metabolite, gives with diazomethane under ordinary reaction conditions secondary products as expected from the behaviour of other α-keto acids. Thus reproducible quantitative analysis becomes difficult. It is shown that by proper selection of reaction conditions (low temperature, short reaction time) these secondary transformations can be inhibited and exclusive derivatization to the methylester is obtained. A quantitative determination of urinary PGA can be based on this derivatization procedure. However, this method is not considered suitable for routine monitoring due to the delicate reaction conditions necessary. The results are discussed with reference to a recently published procedure based on an unknown derivative of PGA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409363
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human exposure to styrene (1976)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 37 (1976), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Gaschromatography ; Styrene metabolites ; Urinalyses of styrene metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple and specific method for the quantitative gaschromatographic (GC) analysis of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid (MA and PGA), human urinary styrene metabolites, is described. MA is determined by trimethylsilylation and subsequent GC analysis. Because of difficulties involved in the direct determination of PGA due to the lack of quantitative and reproducible derivatization methods, this acid is reduced to MA prior to GC analysis. By a double determination with and without reduction both acids can be analyzed quantitatively. Both analysis show the same accuracy and precision and can therefore be intercorrelated accurately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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