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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Calcium ; Contraction ; Electrophysiology ; Guinea-pig ; pH ; Potassium ; Ureter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Guinea-pig ureteric smooth muscle is unusual in that intracellular acidification increases and alkalinization decreases force production. To help elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects on force we have investigated the effects of changing intracellular pH on both calcium and potassium currents in single cells isolated from the guinea-pig ureter to determine their possible role in force development. Depolarization to +40 mV resulted in a fast transient outward current which was inhibited by 4-aminopyridine but not tetraethylammonium. Intracellular alkalinization (20 mM trimethylamine) increased this current to 179 ± 24% of the control and resulted in the development of a slowly activating large outward current which was inhibited by tetraethylammonium and washout. Acidification (40 mM sodium butyrate) decreased the fast transient outward current to 58 ± 3% of the control and did not produce a slowly activating current. When potassium was replaced by caesium in the pipette solution, depolarization to 0 mV resulted in an inward calcium current which was abolished by nifedipine. Intracellular alkalinization increased this current to 126 ± 11% of the control whereas acidification had the opposite effect, decreasing it to 55 ± 10%. Furthermore, current-clamp experiments showed that intracellular alkalinization inhibited the amplitude of the action potential, therefore decreasing excitability of the cell. From our results, we suggest that the predominant effects of intracellular pH on force production in the guinea-pig ureter are mediated via the modulation of outward potassium currents (thereby reducing excitability of the tissue) rather than the effects on the inward calcium current.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): pH ; uterus ; calcium current ; potassium current
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Spontaneous contraction of uterine smooth muscle is enhanced by alkalinization and depressed by acidification. We have investigated the ionic currents responsible for this in single myometrial cells. Intracellular acidification (20 mM butyrate) at constant external pH depressed the magnitude of the calcium current to 58±6% of control, but had little effect on outward currents. Similar but slower effects were also observed when the extracellular pH was lowered to 6.9 (56±9% of control). Correspondingly, when the intracellular or extracelluar pH was elevated (20 mM NH4Cl or pH 7.9 respectively) the calcium current magnitude increased (165±15 % in NH4Cl; 136±2 % at pH 7.9) and there was, again, no effect on the outward currents. These observations are consistent with the effects of pH on spontaneous contractile activity being due to an effect on the membrane calcium current.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Vinylidendicarbonitril (Vinylidencyanid) zeigt bei radikalisch gestarteter Copolymerisation eine viel stärkere Neigung zur Bildung von alternierend aufgebauten 1:1-Copolymeren als Acrylnitril. Während Polyvinylidencyanid trotz der molekularen Symmetrie nicht kristallisiert, sind alternierende Copolymere, vor allem mit Butadien, Isopren, Isobutylen und Vinylidenchlorid, leicht kristallisierbar. Aus höherschmelzenden Copolymeren wurden Fasern hergestellt und auf ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften geprüft. Besonders Fasern aus den Copolymeren mit Vinylacetat und Vinylchlorid zeigen im nassen und im trockenen Zustand ein hervorragendes elastisches Verhalten. Die Faser aus dem alternierend aufgebauten Copolymeren von Vinylidencyanid und Vinylacetat (Darvan®-Nytrilfaser) ist nur mäßig orientiert und zeichnet sich durch Weichheit, gute elastische Erholung und Sprungelastizität im trockenen und nassen Zustand aus.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Schlagwort(e): Copolymers ; Fibers ; Vinylidenedicarbonitrile ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Vinyldendicarbonitrile (Vinylidene cyanide) on free redical catalyzed copolymerization shows a much stronger tendency to form 1:1 alternating copolymers than acrylonitrile. While bulk poly(vinylidene cyanide) fails to crystallize, despite its molecular symmetry, several alternating copolymers are readily crystallizable, notably those containing butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, or vinylidene chloride. Fibers have been prepared from a number of the higher melting copolymers and examined for physical properties. Fibers from the vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride copolymers show expectional elastic behavior both when dry and wet. The fiber from the vinylidene cyanide |vinyl acetate alternating copolymer (Darvan® nytril fiber) is only moderately oriented and is characterized by exceptional softness and excellent elastic recovery and resilience, both when dry and wet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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