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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of gibberellins in a cell-free system from immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 190-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin biosynthesis ; Phaseolus (gibberellins) ; Seed (gibberellins)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthetic steps from gibberellin A12-aldehyde (GA12-aldehyde) to C19-GAs were studied by means of a cell-free system from the embryos of immature Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Stable-isotope-labeled GAs were used as substrates and the products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gibberellin A12-aldehyde was converted to GA4 via non-hydroxylated intermediates and to GA1 via 13-hydroxylated intermediates. 13-Hydroxylation took place at the beginning of the pathway by the conversion of GA12-aldehyde to GA53-aldehyde. The conversion of GA20 to GA5 and GA6 was also shown but no 2β-hydroxylating activity was found. Endogenous GAs from embryos and testas of 17-dold seeds were re-examined by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using stable-isotopelabeled GAs as internal standards. Gibberellins A9, A12, A15, A19, A23, A24, and A53 were identified for the first time in P. vulgaris, in addition to GA1, GA4, GA5, GA6, GA8, GA17, GA20, GA29, GA37, GA38 and GA44, which were previously known to occur in this species. The levels of all GAs, except the 2β-hydroxylated ones, were greater in the embryos than in the testas. Conversely, the contents of GA8 and GA29, both 2β-hydroxylated, were much higher in the testas than in the embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402963
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellins and pea seed development (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1995), S. 426-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin biosynthesis ; Gibberellin level ; Mutant ; Pisum ; Seed development (embryo and endosperm) ; Tissue-dependent expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gibberellin (GA)-biosynthesis mutations, lh i , ls and Ie 5839 have been used to investigate the role(s) of the GAs in seed development of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seeds homozygous for lh i possess reduced GA levels, are more likely to abort during development, and weigh less at harvest, compared with wild-type seeds due to expression of the lh i mutation in the embryo and/ or endosperm. Compared with wild-type seeds, the lh i mutation reduces endogenous GA1 and gibberellic acid (GA3) levels in the embryo/endosperm a few days after anthesis and fertilizing lh i plants with wild-type pollen dramatically increases GA1 and GA3 levels in the embryo/ endosperm and restores normal seed development. By contrast, the ls and le 5839 mutations do not appear to reduce GA levels in the embryo/endosperm of seeds a few days after anthesis, and do not affect embryo or endosperm development. However, both the ls and lh i mutations substantially reduce endogenous GA levels in embryos at contact point (the first day the liquid endosperm disappears). Levels of GAs in seeds from crosses involving the ls and lh i mutations suggest that GAs are synthesised in both the embryo/endosperm and testa and that the expression of ls depends on the tissue and developmental stage examined. These results suggest that GAs (possibly GA1 and/or GA3) play an important role early in pea seed development by regulating the development of the embryo and/or endosperm. By contrast, the high GA levels found in wild-type seeds at contact point (and beyond) do not appear to have a physiological role in seed development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202601
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellin biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi: cloning and characterization of the copalyl diphosphate synthase gene (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 34 (1998), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsGibberella fujikuroi ; Gibberellin biosynthesis ; Copalyl diphosphate synthase gene ; ent-kaurene synthase gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gene coding for copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS), which represents the first gene of the gibberellin pathway, was isolated from the rice pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi. This fungus is used commercially for the production of gibberellic acid and related gibberellins. CPS is a terpene cyclase which catalyzes the first specific step of the gibberellin (GA) pathway as it branches off from the general isoprenoid (biosynthetic) pathway at geranylgeranyl disphosphate (GGDP). A cDNA fragment of the cps gene from the fungus G. fujikuroi was amplified by RT-PCR using oligonucleotides based on amino-acid sequences which were conserved between the plant CPSs and the bifunctional CPS/KS of the fungus Phaeosphaeria sp. L487. A 588-bp fragment obtained with nested PCR was used to isolate the corresponding genomic clone of the cps gene from the wild-type λ-library. This gene consists of three exons and two introns. The three exons are 2877 bp long and encode 959 amino-acid residues. The protein shares 48% identity with the bifunctional Phaeosphaeria sp. L487 FCPS and between 16% and 18% identity to the corresponding plant CPSs. Expression of the G. fujikuroi cps gene is strongly enhanced under conditions optimized for gibberellin biosynthesis and is reduced when high amounts of ammonium are present in the medium. Gene disruption, followed by gibberellin assays and Southern-blot analysis of the transformants, demonstrated clearly that the cloned gene has the expected function in the biosynthesis of fungal gibberellins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050392
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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