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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of islet pathology in two infants with recent onset diabetes mellitus (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1995), S. 631-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Recent-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; Insulitis ; Islet cell macrophages ; Glutamic acid decarboxylase ; Islet destruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms by which the beta cells of pancreatic islets are destroyed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are poorly understood. In this report the pancreatic histo- and immunopathology of two children, both HLA-DR 3/4, DQ 2/8 positive and who both died from cerebral oedema within a day of clinical diagnosis of IDDM, were investigated. Patient 1, a 14-month-old girl, had a 4-week history of polydipsia and polyuria. Patient 2, a 3-year-old boy, had 2 days of illness. Both patients had a similarly severe loss of insulin cells but differed markedly as to the extent of lymphocytic islet infiltration (insulitis). Apart from insulitis, marked islet macrophage infiltration was demonstrated in both patients with the HAM-56 monoclonal antibody. Neither patient showed aberrant expression of HLA class II antigens on insulin-immunoreactive cells, but allele-specific HLA-DQ8 expression was evident on endothelial cells. Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity was detected in both insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells. It is concluded that the heterogeneity of islet pathology, especially insulitis, may reflect different dynamics and extent rather than different pathomechanisms of immune destruction of islets in IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199353
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glutamic acid decarboxylase ; receiver-operating characteristic plot ; diagnostic accuracy ; islet cell antibodies ; autoimmunity ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with autoreactivity against GAD but the diagnostic sensitivity (positivity in disease) and specificity (negativity in health) of isoform-specific GAD antibodies have yet to be defined in assay systems suitable for screening large number of samples. One set of IDDM patient (n=10) and control (n=50) standard sera were used to develop quantitative antibody assays with in vitro synthesized recombinant 35S-methionine-labelled GAD65 and GAD67, respectively, and protein A-Sepharose to separate free from antibody-bound ligand. Binding levels were not normally distributed (p〈0.0001) and therefore, the diagnostic accuracy of GAD antibodies was analysed by the ROC plots in population-based, consecutively-diagnosed, recent onset, 0–14 year-old patients (n=105), and matched, healthy control subjects (n=157). The ROC plots showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of GAD65 antibodies was 77% and the specificity 92% compared with 8% and 98%, respectively for GAD67 antibodies. In the IDDM sera, GAD65 and GAD67 antibodies were concordant in 7% (6 of 81) and GAD65 antibodies and ICA in 89% (72 of 81) without a correlation between the autoantibody levels. Autoantibodies to recombinant human islet GAD65 are specific and sensitive markers for childhood IDDM in this immunoassay with in vitro synthesized 35S-methioninelabelled recombinant GAD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408469
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA class II is associated with the frequency of glutamic acid decarboxylase Mr 65 000 autoantibodies in Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words  Autoantigen ; Autoimmunity ; Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Human leukocyte antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) are common in both caucasian and Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1), while the type 1-associated HLA haplotypes differ. In the present study, we analyzed GAD65Ab in relation to HLA-DQ and -DR alleles in Japanese type 1 patients. GAD65Ab were found in 58% short-duration (less than 5 years) type 1, 23% long-duration type 1, 56% slowly progressive type 1, 3% type 2 patients, and 1.7% healthy individuals. In 75 HLA-typed type 1 patients, the GAD65Ab frequency was higher in short-duration patients with DRB1*08 allele (100%, Pc〈0.05). GAD65Ab frequencies in DQB1*0302, DQB1*0303, and DRB1*09-positive, long-duration type 1 patients were lower than those in short-duration type 1 patients (14%, 19%, and 20%, Pc〈0.02 compared with short-duration type 1, 90%, 75%, and 71%, respectively), while the frequency varied less in DQB1*04 individuals (44% and 30% in short- and long-duration type 1 patients, respectively). These findings were also observed among patients with DRB1*04, i.e., the haplotype DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401 showed less variation in frequency of GAD65Ab (44% and 35% in short- and long-duration type 1 patients, respectively), while DRB1*04xx-DQB1*0302 showed lower frequency in long-duration type 1 than short-duration (13% and 100%, respectively). Thus, HLA class II is associated with frequency GAD65Ab, and this association might be affected by disease duration in Japanese type 1 patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569419
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA class II is associated with the frequency of glutamic acid decarboxylase M r 65 000 autoantibodies in Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Autoantigen ; Autoimmunity ; Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Human leukocyte antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) are common in both caucasian and Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1), while the type 1-associated HLA haplotypes differ. In the present study, we analyzed GAD65Ab in relation to HLA-DQ and-DR alleles in Japanese type 1 patients. GAD65Ab were found in 58% short-duration (less than 5 years) type 1,23% long-duration type 1,56% slowly progressive type 1,3% type 2 patients, and 1.7% healthy individuals. In 75 HLA-typed type 1 patients, the GAD65Ab frequency was higher in short-duration patients with DRB1*08 allele (100%,Pc〈0.05). GAD65Ab frequencies in DQB1*0302, DQB1*0303, and DRB1*09-positive, long-duration type 1 patients were lower than those in short-duration type 1 patients (14%, 19%, and 20%,Pc〈0.02 compared with short-duration type 1, 90%, 75%, and 71%, respectively), while the frequency varied less in DQB1*04 individuals (44% and 30% in short- and long-duration type 1 patients, respecitively). These findings were also observed among patients with DRB1*04, i.e., the haplotype DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401 showed less variation in frequency of GAD65Ab (44% and 35% in short- and long-duration type 1 patients, respectively), while DRB1*04xx-DQB1*0302 showed lower frequency in long-duration type 1 than short-duration (13% and 100%, respectively). Thus, HLA class II is associated with frequency GAD65Ab, and this association might be affected by disease duration in Japanese type 1 patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569419
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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