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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glutathione S-transferase ; Herbieide detoxification ; Suspension culture ; Zea (herbicide detoxification)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The metabolism of the s-triazine herbicide atrazine has been compared in Zea mays seedlings and cell suspension cultures. The rapid detoxification observed in the shoots of whole plants was not seen in the cultured cells. This difference in metabolism could be accounted for by the varying substrate specificities of the isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) present in the plant and the cells. A single form of the enzyme isolated from leaf tissue conjugated both atrazine and the chloracetanilide herbicide metolachlor. However, the two isoenzymes present in suspension-cultured cells although active against metolachlor, showed no activity toward atrazine. Following purification, the major form of transferase present in the cells was physically similar to the enzyme isolated from leaf (Mr=55000). Both proteins were dimers of subunit Mr=26300, and with isoelectric points in the range pH 4.3-4.9. The minor form of the enzyme present in culture showed a greater specificity for metolachlor than the major species. In addition the overall activity and ratio of the two isoenzymes varied over the culture growth cycle. These findings illustrate the need for characterizing enzymes involved in herbicide detoxification in plant cell cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 175 (1988), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Detoxification (herbicide) ; Enzyme induction ; Glutathione S-transferase ; Herbicide antidote ; Zea (herbicide detoxification)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An antiserum to glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) from maize (Zea mays L.) responsible for herbicide detoxification has been raised in rabbit. The antiserum was specific to the Mr 26000 subunit of the enzyme from maize seedlings and suspension-cultured cells, and recognized the isoenzymes active toward both atrazine and metolachlor. When plants were treated for 24 h with the herbicide antidote N,N-diallyl-2-2-dich-loroacetamide (DDCA), enzyme activities toward metolachlor were doubled in the roots and this was associated with a 70% increase in immunodetectable protein. Translation of polysomal RNA in vitro showed that the increase in the transferase in root tissue was brought about by a ninefold increase in mRNA activity encoding the enzyme. Treatment of suspension-cultured cells with cinnamic acid, metolachlor and DDCA raised enzyme activities but did not increase synthesis of glutathione S-transferase. In cultured maize cells, enzyme synthesis was maximal in mid-logarithmic phase, coinciding with the highest levels of enzyme activity. When callus cultures were established from the shoots of a maize line known to conjugate chloro-s-triazines, enzyme activity towards atrazine was lost during primary dedifferentiation. However, levels of total immunodetectable enzyme and activity toward metolachlor were increased in cultured cells compared with the parent shoot tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 736-742 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Temperatur und Gaszusammensetzung auf das Korrosionsverhalten von Siliciumnitrid in sulfidierenden Atmosphären mit niedrigem SauerstoffpotentialÜber das Verhalten der neuen Siliciumnitridkeramiken in reduzierenden Atmosphären (z. B. bei der Kohlevergasung oder in petrochemischen Anlagen) ist wenig bekannt. In solchen Atmosphären mit niedrigem Sauerstoffpotential, die Schwefel enthalten, treten neben dem flüchtigen Siliciummonoxid auch flüchtige Siliciumsulfide auf, wodurch die Korrosion beschleunigt wird. Zur Darstellung dieser Verhältnisse wird eine „Flüchtigkeitskarte“ entwickelt, die die Verhältnisse in solchen Gasen bei 1200 und 1300°C zeigt: dabei sind die Partialdrucke von SiO und SiS (im Gleichgewicht mit Si oder SiO2) in Abhängigkeit von Sauerstoffund Schwefelpartialdrucken aufgetragen. Dabei ergeben sich unterschiedliche Korrosionsbereiche: wenn SiO2 nicht stabil ist und hohe SiS-V Partialdrucke zu erwarten sind, kann die Korrosion katastrophal werden; ist SiO2 stabil, so verhindert die glasartige Schicht zunächst die Verdampfung von SiS, doch wird sie allmählich in SiO umgewandelt, und hohe SiS-Partialdrucke können zu innerer Sulfidierung führen.
    Notes: Little is known about the behaviour of advanced silicon nitride materials in reducing atmospheres (e.g. in coal gasification or in petrochemical plant). In such atmospheres with low oxygen potential and containing sulphur volatile silicon sulphides are formed in addition to the volatile silicon oxide, so that corrosion would be accelerated. In order to graphically represent these conditions a “volatility map” is presented which shows the conditions in such atmospheres at 1200 and 1300°C; the map shows the partial pressures of SiO and SiS (in equilibrium with Si or SiO2) vs oxygen and sulphur partial pressures. The map shows various corrosion regions: when SiO2 is not stable and high SiS partial pressures are predicted, corrosion may be catastrophic; when SiO2 is stable, the glassy surface layer initially prevents evaporation of SiS which, however, is gradually transformed into SiO, and high SiS partial pressures may result in internal sulphidation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Tubings extruded from one batch of polyvinylchloride resin at five temperatures ranging from 110 to 205°C were tested for thrombogenicity in the saphenous vein and aorta of sheep. There was more thrombus in both the vein and aorta on tubings extruded at lower temperatures. The surface areas of renal infarction were smaller when lower temperature tubings were inserted into the aorta. Scanning electron microscopy showed that lower extrusion temperatures caused greater roughness on the tubings. This greater roughness was confirmed by roughness measurements. It is suggested that the association which has been demonstrated between roughness and thrombus formation might be due to the degree of adhesion of the thrombus to the surface rather than to differences in thrombogenicity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 543-551 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Eight acrylic bone cement products were examined according to the methods set out in three published performance standards, viz., Australian Standard 2265 Part 1, 1979, ASTM specification F451-76, and the ISO specification 5833/1, 1979. In addition, chemical analyses were carried out by GC, NMR, and IR spectroscopy as well as refractive index measurement, all to establish the main constituent of the products. All the products compiled to the physical, compositional, and sterility requirements of AS 2265. However, all but one sample failed to comply with the solubility requirements of ASTM F451-76. Also, none of the samples compiled with the doughing time requirements of ISO 5833/1. On further analysis, the results suggest that the water solubility and sorption requirements of ASTM F451-76 are restrictive and that the ISO doughing time test methodology requires modification. Various degrees of noncompliance to the requirement of all three specifications were noted on the labeling and in the information content of product inserts. Two additional clauses on mixing tools and radiopacity have been suggested for incorporation into the above standards.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 18 (1984), S. 979-989 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Quantifiable frozen-stress photoelastic techniques were used to analyze stresses induced in mandibular models by a conventional free-end saddle removable partial denture. Four quasi-anatomical mandibular models were constructed for processing, together with their respective calibration specimens, through identical time/temperature stress-freezing cycles. After processing and slicing, an unloaded control model demonstrated some low-order fringes adjacent to the coronal third of the abutment tooth roots, but was otherwise stress free. A lower bilateral free-end saddle partial denture was constructed and fitted in turn to each of the remaining three models. Each denture/model combination was then loaded and processed through a stress-freezing cycle. After processing, 6-mm slices were cut from selected regions for analysis for the presence of stresses. Using a polariscope with circular polarized, monochromatic light, values for maximum shear stress were calculated at selected points in the slices taken from the three loaded models. Variations up to 28% of the mean were obtained for the three experimental models as compared with the consistent results for the material fringe values obtained from the calibration specimens. The study pointed out the problems involved in using photoelastic stress analysis on complicated anatomical models. The interpretation of the results from such studies should be approached with caution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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