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  • Growth hormone  (1)
  • P X management interactions  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; insulin ; insulin-like growth factor-I ; diabetes ; growth ; somatomedin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although growth hormone is known to be the main regulator of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin has also been shown to play a role in regulating serum insulin-like growth factor I levels in diabetic animals. While this effect is thought to be due to correction of metabolic perturbations, some studies have suggest that insulin may have a direct effect on growth and/or insulin-like growth factor-I levels. We have examined the effects of acute and chronic insulin administration to non-diabetic, pituitary-intact and hypophysectomised rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with insulin as an acute bolus (10 U) or a chronic subcutanious infusion (low dose; 2.4 U/day, high dose; 12 U/day) over 5 days. Insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA was quantitated by Northern and slot blots of RNA from various tissues. A small (less than 2-fold) but significant increase (p〈0.05) was seen in hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA abundance in pituitary-intact rats following acute insulin injection and chronic low dose insulin infusion. An increase in insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA levels was also seen in other tissues including diaphragm, lung, kidney and heart. A significant increase (p〈0.05) in serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels was also observed 6 h after insulin injection. In contrast, in pituitary-intact rats which received high dose insulin infusion and were hypoglycaemic at the time of death, tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA were reduced compared to saline-treated control groups. Similarly in the hypophysectomised rats neither acute nor chronic insulin administration had any consistent effect on insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA abundance in any of the tissues examined. This data suggests that insulin has no direct effect in regulating insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression. The small effects demonstrable in pituitary-intact rats may result from a synergistic action of insulin with growth hormone or other pituitary factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; P-efficient ; P-availability ; P-placement ; P X management interactions ; nutrient balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus interactions with various management practices and inputs are complex and vary from physiological to inorganic in nature. Awareness of these interactions can have significant effects on decisions to apply P, can influence rates of applied P and should be seriously considered in decisions on method of P application. Recognizing that combinations of climatic and tillage system factors can influence short-term P availability may lead to the decision to apply fertilizer P even when soil P tests are high. Nutrient balance is one of the most important factors in P response. The interaction of N, P and K are of special significance, often determining whether responses to additions occur and the extent to which they are efficient and profitable. Phosphorus-micronutrient interactions can have significant effects on plant growth and yield but often are of more academic than practical interest for most crops. Soil testing and plant analysis to detect levels of micronutrient deficiency followed by applications of appropriate amounts of micronutrients can offset detrimental P-micronutrient interactions commonly reported for metals such as Zn, Fe and Cu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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