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Predictors of out-of-pocket medical expenditures in low-income households (1991)

Williams, Flora L. ; Hagler, Amy ; Martin, Marshall A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of family and economic issues 12 (1991), S. 43-62

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ISSN: 1573-3475

Keywords: Health Costs ; Low-income ; Medicaid ; Medical Expenses ; Medicare

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Sociology

Notes: Abstract From a sample of low-income households, out-of-pocket medical expenses are found to average about $25 per month. For each household, these expenses vary with annual income, type of insurance for medical care, priority of medical expenses, ethnicity, and number of ill family members. Expenses are reported for households with different socioeconomic characteristics and composition. Multiparticipation in insurance programs is shown. Fourteen percent of the survey participants say they have no insurance, public or private. Thirty-three percent participate in Medicaid.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987296

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Regional turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following acute exposure to air ions (1985)

Charry, Jonathan M. ; Bailey, William H.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Bioelectromagnetics 6 (1985), S. 415-425

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ISSN: 0197-8462

Keywords: air ions ; DC electric fields ; brain catecholamines ; dopamine ; norepinephrine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Physics

Notes: Exposure to air ions has been reported to influence serotonin (5HT), although critical reviews of these studies and previous measurements in our laboratory of the concentration, release, and utilization of brain 5HT indicate that neither the data nor the interpretations of the data are particularly convincing. Measurements of other possibly relevant neuro-transmitter systems - norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) - were made in brain regions selected because of their importance in the modulation of brain functions relating to motivation, arousal, endocrine function, and motor activity, all responses that have been reported to be influenced by air ion exposure. Results indicate that exposure of male Holtzman rats to high concentrations (5.0 × 105/cm3) of positive or negative air ions or to DC electric fields (3.0 kV/m) for periods up to 66 h failed to affect the concentration of NE or DA significantly in any of the brain regions.

Additional Material: 6 Tab.